Alteration of Energy Substrates and ROS Production in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Figure 1

Paracrine and autocrine effects of ROS in DCM. ROS may be secreted from cardiomyocytes to induce responses in remote (inflammatory) and neighboring (vascular, endothelial, and fibroblast) cells. Within the cardiomyocytes, ROS could also influence different cytosolic (MAPK, PKC, and NOX) and mitochondrial mediators. mtDNA, mTF, and mPTP mean mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial transcription factors, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores, respectively.