|
| Adipocytokine | Model | Finding(s) | Authors |
|
|
Adiponectin | Rhesus monkeys (plasma, adipose tissue) | Levels reduced in obese and diabetic animals
Levels decreased in parallel to the progression of insulin resistance
No association between plasma levels and mRNA levels in adipose tissue | Hotta et al. [17] |
| Knockout mice | Delayed clearance of free fatty acid in plasma, high plasma TNF levels and mRNA levels in adipose tissue, severe diet-induced insulin resistance, and low levels of fatty-acid transport protein 1 mRNA in muscle | Maeda et al. [18] |
Murine (plasma, adipose tissue)
Human (plasma) | Plasma concentrations significantly increased by administration of TZDs in insulin resistant animals; adiponectin mRNA expression normalized/increased by TZDs in adipose tissues
Plasma concentrations significantly increased by administration of TZDs in insulin resistant subjects | Maeda et al. [30] |
|
|
Leptin | Murine (serum, adipose tissue) | Levels increased after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines
Leptin mRNA expression in fat increased after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines | Sarraf et al. [15] |
| Murine (serum) | Acute decrease after caloric restriction and increase after refeeding |
Ahima et al. [16] |
| Human (serum) | Levels higher in obese than in normal-weight volunteers and reduced after fasting; positive correlation with serum insulin and plasma glucose | Boden et al. [26] |
| Human (serum) | Levels increased dose-dependently by hyperinsulinemia | Boden et al. [28] |
| Human (serum) | Overfeeding and weight gain associated with elevation of leptin levels | Kolaczynski et al. [27] |
|
|
Resistin | Murine (serum) | Fasted blood glucose higher in resistin-transgenic mice than in their nontransgenic littermates, glucose tolerance impaired in hyperresistinemic mice | Rangwala et al. [24] |
| Human (serum, adipose tissue) | Levels elevated in obese than lean subjects, positive correlation with BMI | Degawa-Yamauchi et al. [45] |
| Human (serum) | Levels not correlated with markers of adiposity, in females higher levels than males, no significant difference in levels after fasting and/or leptin administration | Lee et al. [46] |
| Human (serum, adipose tissue) | Levels not different among non-obese and obese diabetic subjects, strong correlation between serum levels and resistin mRNA expression from abdominal adipose tissue | Heilbronn et al. [47] |
| Human (serum) | Levels positively associated with percent body fat, not associated with fasting glucose, insulin levels, whole-body insulin sensitivity, basal hepatic glucose output, hepatic glucose output during low-dosage insulin infusion of a hyperinsulinemic clamp, or acute insulin secretory response |
Vozarova de Courten [48] |
|
|
Visfatin | Murine (mesenteric fat, plasma)
Human (plasma) | Levels increased during development of obesity
Levels elevated in diabetes | Chen et al. [22] |
Murine
Human | Recombinant visfatin induced circulating IL-6
Recombinant visfatin induced the production of cytokines and modulated cytokine gene expression in PBMCs and induced chemotaxis in monocytes and B cells | Moschen et al. [42] |
|
