Pharmacogenetics of Chronic Pain and Its Treatment

Table 3

Impact of genetic variability in genes for proinflammatory cytokines.

Gene product	Genetic variability	Effect	Reference
TNFR2	TNFR2(−/−) mice	Attenuated hyperalgesia	[36]
TNF α	A allele in −308G/A (rs1800629)	Higher pain severity	[37–39]
	G allele in −308G/A (rs1800629)	Anti-inflammatory treatment success with phytotheraphy	[40]
LTA	Variant allele in rs5275	Lower pain scores	[41]
COX 2	CC in rs5275	Lower risk of severe pain	[39]
	G allele in rs5277	Higher pain scores	[41]
IL-1α	C889-T (rs1800587)	Pain intensity
IL-1β	C3954-T (rs1143634)	Occurrence of low back pain, the number of days with pain, and the number of days with limitations in daily activities due to pain	[42]
IL-1RN	G1812-A
IL1-receptor 1	Variant allele in rs2110726	Less frequent breast pain	[43]
IL-4	Varant allele in rs2243248	More frequent pain	[44]
IL-6	−174G/G (rs1800795)	Pain	[45]
	−174C/C (rs1800795)	Higher opioid dosage	[37, 38]
IL-8	T allele in 251T/A (rs4073)	More frequent severe pain	[46]
	251T/T (rs4073)	Least frequent severe pain	[37]