Regulation of Immune Cell Infiltration into the CNS by Regional Neural Inputs Explained by the Gate Theory

Figure 3

The inflammation amplifier is defined as a mechanism that triggers the hyperinduction of cytokines and chemokines in nonimmune cells and leads to many diseases. This induction is induced by the simultaneous activation of NF-κB and STAT3. IL-7 from nonimmune cells also contributes to enhancing the inflammation amplifier by generating Th17 cells and/or sustaining their survival. The inflammation amplifier is essential for the pathogenesis of F759 arthritis, EAE, and chronic graft rejection. The bar graph on the right indicates typical expression statuses of chemokines and IL-6 after inflammation amplifier activation (see the blue bar).