Activation of TRPV1 Prevents OxLDL-Induced Lipid Accumulation and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages: Role of Liver X Receptor α
Figure 4
TRPV1 activation by agonists promotes apoAI- and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (a) For Dil-oxLDL binding assay, BMDMs were treated with vehicle, evodiamine (125, 250, 500, 500 nM), or capsaicin (2.5, 5, 10 μM) for 12 h and then incubated with 10 μg/mL Dil-oxLDL at 4°C for 4 h. Cellular lysates were analyzed by fluorimetry. ((b) and (c)) BMDMs were treated with indicated concentrations of evodiamine (125, 250, 500, 500 nM) or capsaicin (2.5, 5, 10 μM) for 12 h, followed by NBD-cholesterol (1 μg/mL) for another 6 h in the presence of (b) apoAI (10 μg/mL) or (c) HDL (50 μg/mL). The medium and cell lysates were collected for the measurement of fluorescence. Cholesterol efflux was defined as fluorescence in the medium relative to total amount of fluorescence. Data are mean ± SEM from 5 independent experiments. * versus vehicle treatment.
