Increased Serum ox-LDL Levels Correlated with Lung Function, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in COPD

Table 1

Characteristics of patients with COPD and healthy subjects.

Characteristic	COPD (𝑛=48)	Control (𝑛=32)	P value
Age (year)	62±10	58±11	0.177
Sex (m/f)	33/15	22/10	0.626*
BMI  (kg/m^2)	22.57±3.25	23.04±2.62	0.494
TG (mmol/L)	1.12±0.46	1.31±0.45	0.071
TC (mmol/L)	4.66±0.73	4.81±0.78	0.376
HDL (mmol/L)	1.60±0.31	1.55±0.37	0.489
LDL (mmol/L)	2.75±0.58	2.51±0.59	0.078
Smoking (pack years)	13.93±16.34	12.08±19.69	0.457
FEV1 (L)	2.06±0.78	2.66±0.61	0.000
FVC (L)	3.40±1.13	3.21±0.77	0.367
FEV1/FVC%	59.73±8.19	83.30±5.05	0.000
FEV1% predicted	86.87±21.64	115.22±15.91	0.000
oxLDL (mU/L)	18.62±7.56	12.57±5.90	0.000
CRP (ng/mL)	18.49±5.79	15.21±4.91	0.01
ROS (nmol/mL)	293.11±90.44	242.86±70.15	0.01

Data are presented as mean ± SD. *The chi-squared test was used to test the significance of the difference in gender proportions.
Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.