Oxidative Damage and Antioxidative Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis
Figure 2
The role of oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis. HOCl: hypochlorous acid; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β; ADAM17/NOTCH: ADAM17 (disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17; also known as TACE) involved in the activation of the Notch signaling pathway; Ras proteins: a family of related proteins involved in transmitting signals within cells through the Ras pathway and belonging to a class of proteins called small GTPase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS or NOS3); PTP1B: protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; AOPPs: advance oxidation protein products; NO: nitric oxide; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; : superoxide anions; ONOO−: peroxynitrite.
