Subnormal Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Counts Are Related to the Lowest Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study
Table 2
Cross-sectional analysis: adjusted relationships of categories of peripheral blood leukocyte counts to metabolic syndrome ( = 46,179)1.
Categories of peripheral blood leukocyte counts (range: ×1,000 cells/mm3)
for trend2
Subnormal (1.1–3.9)
Level 2 (4.0–4.9)
Level 3 (5.0–5.9)
Level 4 (6.0–6.9)
Level 5 (7.0–7.9)
Level 6 (8.0–8.9)
Level 7 (9.0–9.9)
Above-normal (10.0–25.6)
Number with metabolic syndrome (presence of 3 of 5 risk factors)
514
2151
3848
3241
1824
814
325
194
—
Crude
Reference
1.45 (1.31, 1.61)3
2.27 (2.05, 2.51)
2.90 (2.62, 3.21)
3.64 (3.26, 4.07)
4.31 (3.79, 4.91)
4.61 (3.88, 5.48)
3.81 (3.11, 4.67)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.40 (1.26, 1.56)
2.13 (1.92, 2.37)
2.68 (2.42, 2.99)
3.39 (3.03, 3.81)
3.84 (3.35, 4.40)
3.87 (3.24, 4.63)
3.43 (2.77, 4.24)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
1.20 (1.07, 1.35)
1.58 (1.41, 1.77)
1.77 (1.58, 1.99)
2.07 (1.83, 2.34)
2.30 (1.99, 2.67)
2.42 (1.99, 2.93)
2.08 (1.65, 2.61)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
1.19 (1.06, 1.34)
1.56 (1.39, 1.74)
1.74 (1.55, 1.96)
2.02 (1.78, 2.29)
2.20 (1.90, 2.56)
2.28 (1.87, 2.77)
1.98 (1.57, 2.49)
<0.0001
Metabolic syndrome components
Number with elevated waist circumference (≥85 cm in males; ≥80 cm in females)
1437
5333
8200
6442
3393
1405
555
363
—
Crude
Reference
1.41 (1.31, 1.52)
2.13 (1.97, 2.29)
2.77 (2.56, 3.00)
3.58 (3.27, 3.93)
3.93 (3.49, 4.44)
4.38 (3.67, 5.24)
4.06 (3.30, 5.02)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.33 (1.22, 1.45)
1.92 (1.77, 2.08)
2.44 (2.24, 2.66)
3.15 (2.85, 3.48)
3.15 (2.77, 3.59)
3.22 (2.67, 3.90)
3.32 (2.66, 4.17)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
0.96 (0.86, 1.07)
1.07 (0.96, 1.20)
1.12 (0.99, 1.26)
1.31 (1.15, 1.50)
1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
1.36 (1.05, 1.75)
1.53 (1.13, 2.08)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
0.95 (0.85, 1.07)
1.05 (0.94, 1.17)
1.08 (0.96, 1.21)
1.23 (1.07, 1.41)
1.09 (0.91, 1.30)
1.21 (0.94, 1.57)
1.35 (0.99, 1.84)
<0.0001
Number with elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L)
497
2445
4418
3756
2114
957
385
261
—
Crude
Reference
1.78 (1.60, 1.98)
2.87 (2.60, 3.18)
3.78 (3.42, 4.20)
4.86 (4.36, 5.44)
6.04 (5.31, 6.89)
6.64 (5.59, 7.89)
6.86 (5.62, 8.39)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.64 (1.48, 1.83)
2.47 (2.23, 2.74)
3.13 (2.82, 3.48)
3.96 (3.54, 4.44)
4.65 (4.08, 5.32)
4.90 (4.11, 5.85)
5.33 (4.34, 6.55)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
1.49 (1.33, 1.66)
2.02 (1.82, 2.25)
2.37 (2.13, 2.65)
2.84 (2.53, 3.20)
3.29 (2.87, 3.78)
3.54 (2.95, 4.25)
3.90 (3.15, 4.83)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
1.48 (1.33, 1.65)
1.99 (1.79, 2.21)
2.29 (2.06, 2.56)
2.68 (2.39, 3.02)
3.03 (2.64, 3.49)
3.17 (2.63, 3.81)
3.49 (2.82, 4.33)
<0.0001
Number with reduced HDL (<1.0 mmol/L in males; <1.3 mmol/L in females)
576
1799
2611
2005
1083
487
180
130
—
Crude
Reference
1.04 (0.94, 1.15)
1.22 (1.11, 1.35)
1.34 (1.21, 1.49)
1.54 (1.38, 1.73)
1.78 (1.55, 2.04)
1.69 (1.39, 2.04)
1.88 (1.5, 2.33)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.14 (1.02, 1.26)
1.46 (1.32, 1.61)
1.7 (1.53, 1.88)
2.01 (1.79, 2.26)
2.47 (2.14, 2.84)
2.41 (1.98, 2.92)
2.63 (2.1, 3.28)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
1.06 (0.95, 1.18)
1.27 (1.15, 1.41)
1.38 (1.24, 1.54)
1.57 (1.4, 1.77)
1.9 (1.65, 2.19)
1.85 (1.52, 2.26)
2.06 (1.63, 2.57)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
1.06 (0.96, 1.18)
1.25 (1.13, 1.39)
1.34 (1.21, 1.5)
1.49 (1.33, 1.68)
1.76 (1.52, 2.03)
1.67 (1.37, 2.04)
1.84 (1.46, 2.31)
<0.0001
Number with elevated blood pressure (systolic: ≥130 and/or diastolic: ≥85 mmHg)
1116
3952
5744
4332
2219
934
388
232
—
Crude
Reference
1.24 (1.15, 1.35)
1.54 (1.43, 1.67)
1.71 (1.58, 1.86)
1.89 (1.72, 2.07)
2.05 (1.83, 2.29)
2.40 (2.04, 2.81)
1.93 (1.59, 2.33)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.23 (1.13, 1.34)
1.51 (1.38, 1.64)
1.65 (1.51, 1.81)
1.83 (1.66, 2.02)
1.88 (1.66, 2.13)
2.06 (1.73, 2.45)
1.81 (1.48, 2.23)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
1.10 (1.00, 1.20)
1.19 (1.09, 1.30)
1.20 (1.09, 1.31)
1.23 (1.11, 1.37)
1.24 (1.09, 1.41)
1.39 (1.16, 1.66)
1.21 (0.98, 1.50)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
1.10 (1.00, 1.20)
1.21 (1.11, 1.33)
1.25 (1.14, 1.37)
1.34 (1.21, 1.49)
1.36 (1.19, 1.55)
1.59 (1.33, 1.90)
1.40 (1.13, 1.73)
<0.0001
Number with elevated fasting glucose (≥5.56 mmol/L)
426
1536
2348
1779
968
426
175
105
—
Crude
Reference
1.2 (1.07, 1.35)
1.5 (1.34, 1.67)
1.62 (1.44, 1.81)
1.86 (1.65, 2.11)
2.08 (1.79, 2.41)
2.27 (1.86, 2.76)
1.98 (1.55, 2.5)
<0.0001
Age- and sex-adjusted
Reference
1.17 (1.04, 1.32)
1.41 (1.26, 1.58)
1.49 (1.33, 1.68)
1.73 (1.52, 1.97)
1.85 (1.59, 2.16)
1.91 (1.56, 2.35)
1.81 (1.41, 2.31)
<0.0001
Age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted
Reference
1.07 (0.95, 1.21)
1.17 (1.05, 1.32)
1.17 (1.04, 1.32)
1.29 (1.13, 1.47)
1.35 (1.16, 1.58)
1.42 (1.15, 1.74)
1.37 (1.07, 1.76)
<0.0001
Multiple adjusted4
Reference
1.06 (0.94, 1.19)
1.16 (1.03, 1.3)
1.16 (1.03, 1.31)
1.28 (1.12, 1.47)
1.33 (1.14, 1.56)
1.37 (1.11, 1.69)
1.33 (1.03, 1.71)
<0.0001
BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
2Multiple logistic regression analysis.
3Unadjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values).
4Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. (Metabolic syndrome was defined with AHA Scientific Statements criteria in 2009 [15].)
