Collaborative Action of Toll-Like and Nod-Like Receptors as Modulators of the Inflammatory Response to Pathogenic Bacteria

Table 1

Expression and localization of TLRs and NLRs in cellular types.

Receptor	Cellular type	Localization	Reference
TLR1	Monocytes, mature macrophages, mast cell, and dendritic cells	Cell surface	[191]
TLR2	Monocytes, mature macrophages, and mast cell	Cell surface	[191]
TLR3	Dendritic cells	Endosomes	[191]
TLR4	Predominately in monocytes, mature macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and intestinal epithelial cells	Cell surface	[191]
TLR5	Predominately in intestinal epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells	Cell surface	[191]
TLR6	Monocytes, mature macrophages, and mast cell	Cell surface	[191]
TLR7	Monocytes, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells	Endosomes	[191]
TLR8	Monocytes, macrophages, and mast cells	Endosomes	[191]
TLR9	Monocytes, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells	Endosomes	[191]
TLR10	Macrophages, trophoblasts, and intestinal epithelial cells in response to L. monocytogenes	Cell surface, but can colocalize with TLR2 in phagosome	[23–25]
TLR11	Macrophages, dendritic cells, and human embryonic kidney cells	Cell surface and endoplasmic reticulum	[26, 27]
TLR12	Macrophages and dendritic cells	Colocalizes with TLR11 in endoplasmic reticulum	[26, 27]
NOD1	Macrophages, human mononuclear cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and dendritic cells	Intracellularly	[50–52]
NOD2	Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, Paneth cells, human airway smooth muscle cells, and epithelial and endothelial cells	Intracellularly	[50–52]
NLRC4	Macrophages and gut epithelial cells	Intracellularly	[109, 111, 114]
NLRP1	Lymphocytes, respiratory epithelial cells, and myeloid cells	Intracellularly	[95, 96]
NLRP3	Myeloid cells and human bronchial epithelial cells	Intracellularly	[82]