Immunoregulatory Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Nasal Polyp Microenvironment
Figure 1
Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and polyp-derived cells. (a) MSCs exhibiting fibroblastic-like morphology in vitro; (b) MSC culture in adipogenic control medium showing absence of lipid vesicles; (c) MSCs containing lipid vesicles (black arrow) in adipogenic differentiation medium without Oil Red stain; (d) MSC culture in adipogenic differentiation medium stained with Oil Red (black arrow); (e) MSC culture in chondrogenic control medium; (f) MSC culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium stained with Safranin O; (g) MSC culture in osteocyte control medium; (h) MSC culture in osteogenic differentiation medium stained with Alizarin Red; ((i)-(j)) representative view of polyp-derived cells spreading and growing in culture (black arrow); and (k) immunophenotypic signature of MSCs in culture, demonstrating absence of hematopoietic (CD45 and CD34) and immunogenic (HLA-DR) markers and expression of CD105, CD90, CD73, and CD54, as well as immunoregulatory receptors such as PDL-1 and -2 and CTLA-4.
