Differential Associations of Inflammatory and Endothelial Biomarkers with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis of Short Duration
Table 3
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors according to DAS28.
Control group ()
RA patients with low DAS28∧ ()
RA patients with high DAS28∧ ()
P valueua
P adjusteda
Nv
Mean (SD)
Nv
Mean (SD)
Nv
Mean (SD)
Age, years
29
31.65 (7.64)
15
39.77 (9.23)*
11
42.9 (9.92)*
<0.001
<0.001
Smoking habit, number (%)
15
5 (33%)
11
6 (54%)
0.592
Steroids, number(%)
15
3 (20%)
11
5 (45%)
0.337
NSAIDs, number(%)
15
8 (53%)
11
8 (72%)
0.551
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
28
114.96 (12.78)
15
115.66 (15.98)
11
129.18 (18.53)*#
0.028
0.116
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
28
76.75 (6.76)
15
78.44 (7.19)
11
82.18 (8.32)
0.122
0.551
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg
28
89.48 (7.98)
15
90.85 (9.54)
11
97.84 (10.46)*
0.038
0.210
Body mass index, kg/m2
29
23.24 (2.63)
14
23.72 (3.78)
11
23.03 (4.57)
0.906
0.324
Waist circumference (cm)
28
80.67 (10.92)
14
78.76 (8.56)
11
78.36 (12.62)
0.736
0.204
Glucose, mmol/L
29
4.73 (0.46)
15
4.56 (0.32)
11
4.74 (0.51)
0.373
0.307
TC, mmol/L
28
5.03 (0.73)
14
5.26 (1.21)
10
4.59 (1.09)‡¥
0.233
0.002
LDL-C, mmol/L
28
2.85 (0.8)
14
3.19 (0.93)
9
2.83 (0.92)‡¥
0.402
0.019
HDL-C, mmol/L
28
1.71 (0.49)
14
1.61 (0.42)‡
9
1.40 (0.41)‡
0.206
0.055
Triglycerides, mmol/L
28
1.02 (0.54)
14
1.02 (0.49)
9
0.91 (0.45)
0.845
0.400
Creatinine, µmol/L
29
69.77 (9.67)
15
62.91 (9.74)
11
53.35 (7.83)*#‡¥
<0.001
<0.001
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 of BSA
29
107.69 (17.23)
15
103.01 (24.77)
11
129.63 (15.79)*#‡¥
0.002
<0.001
Fibrinogen, g/L
29
2.98 (0.7)
15
3.31 (1.14)
11
5.2 (1.31)*#‡¥
<0.001
<0.001
Homocysteine, µmol/L
27
10.56 (4.33)
15
10.46 (4.69)
11
10 (4.7)
0.941
0.964
Cystatin C, mg/L
26
0.53 (0.1)
15
0.69 (0.14)*‡
11
0.78 (0.16)*‡
<0.001
<0.001
Data are shown as unadjusted means (SD). ∧low DAS28 = (2.6–5.1); high DAS28 = (>5.1). Nv: valid cases; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; DAS28: disease activity score in 28 joints; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; ADMA: asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine; SDMA: symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; sE-selectin: soluble E-selectin; vWf: von Willebrand factor. uaunadjusted P value in ANOVA (GLM models). * versus control group and # versus RA patients with low disease activity in post hoc analyses for unadjusted ANOVA.
aAge-sex adjusted P value for the defining groups of patients in ANOVA (GLM models)—type III sum of squares (SS) was used. ‡ versus control group and ¥ versus RA patients with low disease activity in post hoc analyses for adjusted ANOVA.
