The Proinflammatory Cytokine High-Mobility Group Box-1 Mediates Retinal Neuropathy Induced by Diabetes

Figure 2

Western blot analysis of rat retinas. Intravitreal administration of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) induced a significant upregulation of the expression of HMGB1 (a), activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) (b), and cleaved caspase-3 (c) and a significant downregulation of the expression of synaptophysin (d), tyrosine hydroxylase (e), glutamine synthetase (f), and glyoxalase 1 (g) compared to intravitreal administration of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Glutamate assay revealed that injection of HMGB1 tended to increase retinal glutamate expression, but this was not significant (h). Each experiment was repeated at least 3 times with fresh samples. A representative set of samples is shown. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of at least 6 rats in each group. ^∗𝑃<0.05 compared with PBS.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)