Decreased Inflammatory Responses of Human Lung Epithelial Cells after Ethanol Exposure Are Mimicked by Ethyl Pyruvate

Figure 6

Effects of ethanol (EtOH), ethyl pyruvate (EtP), or sodium pyruvate (NaP) on interleukin (IL)-6 release from lung epithelial cells A549 after IL-1beta ((a)–(c)) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS (d)–(f)) stimulation. Cells were treated with EtOH (low dose, LoD = 85 mM and high dose, HiD = 170 mM), EtP (LoD = 2.5 mM, HiD = 10 mM), or NaP (10 mM) for 1 h ((a) and (d)), 24 h ((b) and (e)), or 72 h ((c) and (f)) and then stimulated with IL-1beta (1 ng/mL) or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. After the incubation periods, supernatants were analyzed for IL-6 concentrations (given as % of cells stimulated with agonists only, control, ctrl). The data are presented as means ± s.e.m. versus ctrl.