Excessive Refined Carbohydrates and Scarce Micronutrients Intakes Increase Inflammatory Mediators and Insulin Resistance in Prepubertal and Pubertal Obese Children Independently of Obesity

Table 3

Determinants of insulin resistance measured as HOMA >3.16^*.

	Quartile		OR	CI95	-value
Protein	1	≤175.75
	2	175.76–224.51	0.84	0.28, 2.55	0.760
	3	224.52–280.79	1.07	0.32, 3.67	0.908
	4	≥280.80	1.04	0.23, 4.79	0.956
Carbohydrates	1	≤145.36
	2	145.37–190.33	3.52	1.07, 11.50	0.038
	3	190.34–233.21	25.45	5.28, 122.61	<0.001
	4	≥233.22	21.68	4.25, 110.66	<0.001
Lipids	1	≤146.63
	2	146.64–207.78	0.47	0.11, 1.96	0.302
	3	207.79–280.07	0.14	0.02, 0.98	0.048
	4	≥280.08	0.26	0.03, 2.64	0.256
Fiber	1	≤42.94
	2	42.95–59.23	0.21	0.06, 0.72	0.013
	3	59.24–78.48	0.49	0.13, 1.83	0.289
	4	≥78.49	0.17	0.04, 0.73	0.017
Saturated fat	1	≤15.88
	2	15.89–22.44	1.30	0.33, 5.08	0.708
	3	22.45–31.53	1.56	0.27, 9.03	0.621
	4	≥31.54	2.35	0.28, 19.49	0.429
Serum Ca			1.42	0.70, 2.87	0.329
Serum Mg			0.05	0.01, 0.51	0.011
25-OHD3			0.98	0.91, 1.04	0.468
Leptin			1.03	0.98, 1.09	0.238
Adiponectin			0.01	0.00, 0.62	0.030
Central obesity			3.46	1.43, 8.36	0.006
Puberty			3.12	1.20, 8.12	0.020

Logistic regression analysis. Control group for dietary factors is quartile 1. Circulating factors were introduced as continuous variables.