Myocardial Gene Expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Ror-𝜸t, FoxP3, and Hallmark Cytokines in Chronic Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy: An Essentially Unopposed T_H1-Type Response

Table 1

Characteristics of patients and control heart donors whose samples were used in this study.

	CCC	NIC	N
𝑛	14	8	6
Age	47.2 ± 14.6	53.3 ± 7.5	32.2 ± 12.8
Sex (M/F)	5/9	0/9	0/6
EF	26.50 ± 8.96	22.73 ± 6.28	ND
Fibrosis	Moderate to intense	Moderate to intense	0
LVDD	71.64 ± 7.48	75.86 ± 15.84	ND
Hypertrophy	Yes	Yes	No
Myocarditis	Moderate to intense	Absent	0

Age (years); M (male); F (female); CCC (chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy); NIC (noninflammatory cardiomyopathy). Normal heart donors (N) were subject to ventilator and vasoactive drugs and had been under life support for an average of 48 hours. Characterization of the samples as myocarditis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy; reference values for the presence of myocarditis and fibrosis: absent; slight; moderate; intense; hypertrophy: Y (yes), N (no). ND (not done); EF (left ventricular ejection fraction) ≥ 55%; LVDD (left ventricle diastolic diameter); reference value: diameter 39–55 mm.