Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol

Figure 2

Production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-β, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Human PBMCs were cultured for 18 hrs in media alone, stimulated with Aa Y4 LPS (1 μg/mL), or treated with Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, or Resveratrol, at a concentration of 1×10⁻⁴ M for 2 hrs prior to LPS challenge. After 18 hrs, supernatant levels of (a) IL-1α, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-6, and (d) IFN-γ were assayed by cytometric bead array. ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis, ^∗𝑃<0.05 indicating statistical significance versus LPS, 𝑛=3 independent donors.

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