Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol

Figure 4

Production of the differentiation factors G-CSF and GM-CSF. Human PBMCs were cultured for 18 hrs in media alone, stimulated with Aa Y4 LPS (1 μg/mL), or treated with the Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, or Resveratrol at a concentration of 1×10⁻⁴ M for 2 hrs prior to LPS challenge. After 18 hrs, the concentrations of (a) G-CSF and (b) GM-CSF were assayed by cytometric bead array. ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis, ^∗𝑃<0.05 indicating statistical significance versus LPS, 𝑛=3 independent donors.

(a)

(b)