Pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Role and Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation

Table 1

Qualitative differences in inflammatory cytokine expression in ET, PV, and PMF.

MPN subtype	Cytokines produced in excess	Main cellular sources
All MPNs	IL-6, IL-8, IL-2, soluble IL-2R, HGF, TNF-, TGF-β, GM-CSF, VEGF, and bFGF	Bone marrow fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, hematopoietic progenitors, and hepatocytes
ET	IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, MCP-1, PDGF-BB, and soluble IL-6R (gp80)	M2 macrophages, platelets, and T-lymphocytes
PV	IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-5, and IL-7	Bone marrow fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, M1 macrophages, and hematopoietic progenitors
PMF	IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-33, G-CSF, IFN-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10, MIG, MCP-1, and PDGF-BB	Bone marrow fibroblasts, activated T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, hematopoietic progenitors, megakaryocytes, and platelets