Glycyrrhizic Acid Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Associated with the Activation of JNK and NF-κB

Figure 7

Effect of GA on MAPKs, NF-κB, and STAT1 activation in BMDMs. BMDMs were treated with GA (100 μg/mL) or IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) for the indicated time points. (a, c) Cell lysates were prepared, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), JNK (p-JNK), p38 MAPK (p-p38), and STAT1 (p-STAT1) was analyzed by western blotting. (b) Nuclear and cytosolic extracts were prepared and subjected to western blotting with p65 and IκBα antibody, respectively. (d) BMDMs were pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor (BAY 11-7082, 10 μM), JNK inhibitor (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580, 10 μM), or ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126, 10 μM) followed by treatment with GA (100 μg/mL) for 48 h, and then the production of nitrite and M1-related cytokines was analyzed. Data are mean ± SD for three independent experiments. , (-test).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)