Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathobiology of Lung Inflammation

Figure 1

Sphingolipids metabolites form a network with other inflammatory lipids in the lung. (a) Intracellular and secretory lipids regulating inflammation in mucus and mucosa. Red: inflammatory lipids and major controlled enzymatic activities. Green: anti-inflammatory lipids and major controlled enzymatic activities. P, phosphate; FA, fatty acids, Cho, choline; CDP, citidyl diphosphosphate; DAG, diacylglycerol; TGs, triglycerides; PE, phosphatidyl ethanol ammine; PC, phosphatidyl choline; PAF, platelet activating factor; AA, arachidonic acid; PGE2, prostaglandins E2; Sph, sphingosine; Cer, ceramide, SM, sphingomyelin; CTT, CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidyl-Transferase; SMase, Sphingomyelinase, SMS, Sphingomyelin Synthase, and CERS, Ceramide Synthases; SPT, Serine Palmitoyl Transferase; cPLA2, Cytosolic Phospholipase 2. (b) Ceramide accumulation controls other inflammatory and anti-inflammatory lipids. Red: inflammatory lipids and major controlled enzymatic activities. Green: anti-inflammatory lipids and major controlled enzymatic activities.

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