Research Article

Exogenous S1P Exposure Potentiates Ischemic Stroke Damage That Is Reduced Possibly by Inhibiting S1P Receptor Signaling

Figure 2

mRNA expression levels of S1P receptors and S1P-producing enzymes are altered in an M/R-challenged brain. (a) Normal brains were used to determine mRNA expression levels of S1P receptors (S1pr1, S1pr2, S1pr3, S1pr4, and S1pr5) and SPHKs (Sphk1 and Sphk2) based on semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis (28 cycles for all targets). (b, c) Mice were challenged by 90 min occlusion followed by 22 h reperfusion. (b) Brain samples were used to determine changes of S1P receptors and SPHKs based on qRT-PCR analysis. and , compared with the sham group (-test), per group. (c) Brains from sham and M/R-challenged mice were used to determine mRNA expression levels of S1P1 and S1P3 by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Band intensity (bar graph) was calculated as fold increase relative to S1pr1 level of sham groups after normalization to β-actin. , compared with S1pr1 level of M/R group (Newman-Keuls test), per group.
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