Role of the Immunogenic and Tolerogenic Subsets of Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

Table 4

Cytokines associated with DC and MS.

Cytokines	Immunological role in EAE/MS	Influence on MS/EAE
IL-10	Inducing t-DC; Inducing Tr1	Reducing EAE through inhibiting self-antigen-specific T cells and inducting Tregs
TGF-β	Inducing th17; and Treg	Adoptive transfer of tolerogenic DCs alleviates EAE
IL-12/IL-23	Inducing Th1/Th17; differentiation	Antibody alleviates EAE but not MS patient
IL-17/IL-21/IL-22	The main effector cytokines of Th17	IL-17 is an effector cytokine in EAE/MS; Antibodies against IL-17 may play a therapeutic role
IL-1β	Promoting Th17 differentiation	Being essential for EAE
GM-CSF	Promoting DCs maturation and Th17 differentiation	Initiating or sustaining EAE; Antibodies against GM-CSF may be an alternative for MS
IL-6	Promoting Th17 differentiation	Being essential for EAE, participating MS pathogenesis; antibodies against IL-6 would be effective in MS.
TNF-α	Binding to TNFR1 to induce cell apoptosis; Binding to TNFR2 to maintain cell survival	TNFR1 mediates demyelination and TNFR2 remyelination