Evasion of Early Antiviral Responses by Herpes Simplex Viruses

Figure 3

HSVs interfere with the induction of type-I interferons and interferon signaling. A: HSV vhs proteins interfere with cell protein translation by specifically degrading host mRNAs. B: Viral US11 and γ34.5 interfere with host PKR function, by impairing its capacity to phosphorylate EIF2A, which blocks translation within infected cells. C: Host sensors activate TRAF3 after detecting HSV determinants, which normally leads to IRF3 activation. However, UL36 interferes with TRAF3 ubiquitination blocking its IRF3-activating capacity. ICP0 and US3 also interfere with IRF3 activation. Impaired IRF3 function will result in poor secretion of interferons by infected cells. D: Viral ICP27 interferes with STAT-1 signaling mediated by IFNR, which would otherwise lead to the secretion of antiviral effectors.