The Two-Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview

Figure 2

A summary of proposed connections between periodontal diseases and metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IL: interleukins; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; Ig: immunoglobulin).