|
| Author/year/journal | PRR | Cell/animal | Study design | Relevant findings |
|
| Durand et al., 2006, J Immunol [32] | TLR | Odontoblast | In vitro | LTA upregulates TLR2 and chemokine expression while downregulating dentin matrix synthesis and mineralization |
|
Jiang et al. 2006
J Endod [33] | TLR4 | Odontoblast
Dental pulp tissue | In vitro | TLR4 expression in normal DP |
|
| Mutoh et al., 2007, J Endod [34] | TLR2, TLR4 | Murine pulp tissue | In vivo | TLR2, TLR4 expression in DP
TLR2 regulates early stage of pulp inflammation |
|
| Marcato et al., 2008, Oral Microbiol Immunol [35] | TLR2, TLR4 | Mouse model | In vivo | TLR2, TLR4 induce NO and ROS production by macrophage stimulated with root canal pathogens |
|
| Mutoh et al., 2009, J Endod [36] | TLR2, TLR4 | SCID mice | In vivo | TLR2, TLR4 are triggered by dental pathogen in irreversible pulpitis |
|
| Horst et al., 2009, J Dent Res [37] | TLR2, TLR4 | Odontoblast | In vitro | TGF-β1 inhibits TLR2, TLR4 expression against dental pathogens |
|
| Hirao et al., 2009, J Dent Res [16] | TLR2, TLR4 and NOD1, NOD2 | HDPF | In vitro | TLR2, TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2 expression in DP
NOD2 is an immunomodulator through TLR2, leading to progressive pulpitis |
|
| Lin et al., 2009, J Endod [38] | NOD2 | HDPC | In vitro | NOD2 expression in normal DP |
|
| Keller et al., 2010, Immunobiology [39] | TLR2 | Odontoblast
HDPF | In vitro | LTA upregulates TLR2 in odontoblasts and HDPF |
|
| Park et al., 2010, J Dent Res [40] | TLR2 | HDPF | In vitro | TLR2 on HDPF with histamine receptor-1 induces pulpal inflammation via Cox-2 activation |
|
| Botero et al., 2010, J Dent Res [41] | TLR4 | HDPSC (HDPF) | In vitro | LPS upregulates VEGF
DPSC express TLR4 |
|
| Farges et al., 2011, Immunobiology [42] | TLR2 | Odontoblast | In vitro | TLR2 engages production of mediators in odontoblasts |
|
| Keller et al., 2010, Innate Immun [43] | TLR2,
NOD2 | HDPC, odontoblast | In vitro | Upregulation of TLR2, NOD2 through stimulation via LTA in inflamed DP |
|
| Lee et al., 2011, J Endod [18] | NOD1 | HDPF | In vitro | Upregulation of NOD1 in inflamed DP |
|
| Song et al., 2012, J Endod [44] | NALP3 | HDPF | In vitro | NALP3 upregulates in dental pulp immune defense |
|
| Da Silva et al., 2012, J Endod [45] | TLR2 | TLR2 KO mice | In vivo | TLR2 regulates inflammatory response and host’s immune to root canal and periradicular infection |
|
| Carrouel et al., 2013, J Endod [46] | TLR2 | Odontoblast | In vitro | LBP reduces TLR2-dependant immune responses by LTA in human odontoblast-like cells |
|
| Zhang et al., 2013, Int Endod J [47] | TLR9 | Odontoblast | In vitro | TLR9 regulates the remodeling of injured DP and hard tissues by inducing MMP-13 |
|
| He et al., 2013, Int Endod J [5] | TLR4 | HDPSC | In vitro | LPS upregulates IL-8 with engagement of TLR4/MyD88/NF-B and MAPK pathways in DP |
|
Keller et al., 2011,
Innate Immun [43] | NOD2 | Odontoblast | In vitro | LTA augmented NOD2 expression in odontoblasts |
|
| Wang et al., 2013, J Endod [48] | AIM2 | Rat model
Rat pulp cell | In vivo
In vitro | AIM2 is only detected in the odontoblast layer and mediates inflammatory response during pulpitis |
|
Cardoso et al., 2014
J Endod [49] | TLR2 | Inflamed and healthy human dental pulp tissue | In vitro | Hypomethylation of TLR2 and CD14 gene mediates immune responses against LPS |
|
He et al., 2014
J Endod [50] | TLR4 | HDPSC | In vitro | LPS enhances Wnt5a expression via TLR4/MyD88/NF-B pathways in DP |
|
| Feng et al., 2014, Cell Tissue Res [51] | TLR4 | HDPSC | In vitro | LPS+ TLR4 complex stimulates inflammation in DP |
|
| Liu et al., 2014, J Endod [52] | TLR4 | HDPSC | In vitro | LPS activates TLR4
TLR4 regulates the proliferation and migration of DPSC in deep dental caries |
|
| Pääkkönen et al., 2014, Int Endod J [53] | TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 | Odontoblast | In vitro | TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 mRNA (virus recognition PRR) participate in immune response in DP |
|
Lee et al., 2014,
Clin Oral Invest [54] | TLR2, TLR4, and NALP3 | HDPC | In vitro | TLR and NALP3 activate immune responses during progression of pulpitis |
|
Zhang et al., 2015,
Mol Immunol [55] | NALP3, TLR4 | HDPF | In vitro | NALP3 in HDPFs triggers IL-1 secretion in response to LPS plus ATP
LPS engaged TLR4/MyD88/NF-B pathway to enhance NLRP3 |
|
| Lee et al., 2014, Clin Oral Invest [54] | NALP3 | HDPF | In vitro | NOD2 activates TLR2, TLR4, and NALP3 inflammasome-signaling pathways |
|
| Liu et al., 2014, Int Endod J [52] | NALP3 | HDPSC | In vitro | NALP3 expressed in periapical lesion |
|
