Neuroimmunomodulation in the Gut: Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figure 1

Schematic illustration showing the interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS). The sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations interact with neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, passing the sympathetic innervations first through the celiac ganglion and the superior mesenteric ganglion (sup. mes. ganglion) and the inferior mesenteric ganglion (inf. mes. ganglion). The quadrant below the CNS and the ENS represents the intestinal mucosa and its myenteric and submucosal plexuses.