Central Interleukin-1β Suppresses the Nocturnal Secretion of Melatonin

Figure 8

The effects of icv. injection of interleukin- (IL-) 1β (50 μg/animal) or Ringer’s solution (50 μL) on the relative gene expression (mean ± SEM; animals per group) of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα, (a)), TNF type 1 receptor (TNFRSF1A, (b)), and TNF type 2 receptor (TNFRSF1B, (c)) in ewes during the short night (SN, May/June) and long night (LN, November/December) photoperiods. All data presented in the figure were normalised to the average relative level of TNF gene expression in the control ewes from the SN photoperiod, which was set to 1.0. Different capital letters indicate significant () differences according to a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

(a)

(b)

(c)