The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Inflammatory Responses

Table 3

Regulatory mechanisms of PRMTs.

(a) PTMs: PRMT activities are modulated by PTMs

PRMTs	Types of PTM	Enzymes involved in PTM	Biological role of PTM	Reference
CARM1	Phosphorylation at S217	Unidentified kinase	Activating by regulation to bind with AdoMet	[21, 22]
	Glycosylation	N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT)	Activating by controlling the phosphorylation of CARM1	[23, 24]
	Auto-arginine methylation	Unidentified	Unclear	[25]
PRMT5	Amino-terminal phosphorylation	Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)	Inactivating via blocking the interaction between PRMT5 and methylosome protein 50 (MEP50)	[26]
PRMT6 and PRMT8	Auto-arginine methylation	Unidentified	Unclear	[27, 28]

(b) Regulatory partner: interaction with regulatory proteins can control the activity of PRMTs

PRMTs	Regulatory partner	Biological role	Reference
PRMT5	MEP50	Required for PRMT5 activation	[29]
	SWI/SNF chromatin complex	Elevates the activity of MEP50-PRMT5 toward histone substrates	[30]
	Exon junction complex component and RNA-binding protein Y14	Enhances MEP50-PRMT5 activity toward Sm proteins	[31]
PRMT1	Orphan nuclear receptor TR3 (NR4A1)	Inhibits PRMT1 enzyme activity	[32]
	BTG1-binding chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF1)	Negatively regulates PRMT1 activity	[33]
	BTG1	Increases PRMT1 activity	[34]
	PRMT2	Stimulates PRMT1 activation	[35]
PRMT3	Tumor suppressor DAL1	Blocks PRMT3 methyltransferase ability	[36]
PRMT7	CCCTC-binding factor like (CTCFL)	Increases PRMT7 activity	[37]

(c) miRNA regulation

PRMTs	Type of miRNA	Reference
PRMT5	miR-19a, miR-25, miR-32, miR-92, miR-92b, and miR-96	[38]