Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Effects of Acute Endurance Exercise on Plasma Protein Profiles of Endurance-Trained and Untrained Individuals over Time

Table 3

Plasma variables with significant main effects of time (a), group (b), group and time (c), and interaction (group by time) (d). Displayed are the relative treatment effects (RTEs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses. , , and indicate significant differences from baseline within each group based on the LD-F1 model; , , and indicate significant differences for the main effect of group and for differences between groups for separate points of time in (d); < and < indicate significant interaction effects between group and time. EET: endurance-exercise-trained; SED: untrained/sedentary.

(a)


Variable	RTE (CI)
Variable	Pre	Post	3 h

Adiponectin	0.47 (0.45; 0.5)	0.51 (0.5; 0.53)	0.51 (0.49; 0.53)
AFP	0.49 (0.46; 0.52)	0.56 (0.52; 0.6)	0.45 (0.42; 0.48)
Apo H	0.46 (0.43; 0.50)	0.50 (0.47; 0.54)	0.53 (0.50; 0.56)
BDNF	0.44 (0.41; 0.47)	0.57 (0.55; 0.6)	0.49 (0.46; 0.53)
EN-RAGE	0.25 (0.21; 0.30)	0.72 (0.67; 0.76)	0.53 (0.49; 0.57)
Eotaxin 1	0.48 (0.44; 0.52)	0.56 (0.51; 0.61)	0.46 (0.40; 0.51)
EGF	0.46 (0.42; 0.49)	0.53 (0.5; 0.56)	0.51 (0.48; 0.54)
ENA-78	0.44 (0.42; 0.47)	0.56 (0.53; 0.59)	0.50 (0.47; 0.52)
G-CSF	0.40 (0.35; 0.46)	0.57 (0.54; 0.6)	0.53 (0.49; 0.57)
ICAM-1	0.46 (0.42; 0.49)	0.53 (0.5; 0.57)	0.51 (0.48; 0.54)
IL-1β	0.39 (0.34; 0.46)	0.64 (0.57; 0.69)	0.47 (0.41; 0.54)
IL-1ra	0.42 (0.37; 0.47)	0.52 (0.46; 0.59)	0.56 (0.50; 0.61)
IL-16	0.28 (0.25; 0.32)	0.67 (0.64; 0.70)	0.55 (0.53; 0.57)
IL-18	0.46 (0.43; 0.49)	0.52 (0.49; 0.56)	0.51 (0.48; 0.55)
MIP-1β	0.45 (0.41; 0.48)	0.50 (0.47; 0.53)	0.56 (0.52; 0.60)
MMP-9	0.27 (0.23; 0.31)	0.58 (0.53; 0.61)	0.66 (0.61; 0.70)
MPO	0.34 (0.29; 0.39)	0.67 (0.61; 0.71)	0.50 (0.45; 0.55)
PAI-1	0.46 (0.43; 0.49)	0.54 (0.51; 0.57)	0.50 (0.46; 0.54)
PAPP-A	0.41 (0.35; 0.48)	0.60 (0.55; 0.66)	0.49 (0.43; 0.54)
PAP	0.56 (0.53; 0.6)	0.58 (0.52; 0.63)	0.36 (0.31; 0.41)
SGOT	0.45 (0.40; 0.51)	0.46 (0.41; 0.52)	0.58 (0.53; 0.63)
SCF	0.45 (0.42; 0.48)	0.54 (0.51; 0.58)	0.51 (0.48; 0.55)
RANTES	0.44 (0.41; 0.47)	0.57 (0.54; 0.59)	0.49 (0.47; 0.52)
Thrombospondin 1	0.42 (0.39; 0.46)	0.59 (0.56; 0.62)	0.49 (0.45; 0.52)
TSH	0.53 (0.48; 0.57)	0.58 (0.54; 0.63)	0.39 (0.35; 0.43)
TBG	0.46 (0.42; 0.50)	0.50 (0.47; 0.53)	0.54 (0.51; 0.58)
TIMP-1	0.43 (0.39; 0.48)	0.56 (0.51; 0.61)	0.51 (0.46; 0.55)
VEGF	0.40 (0.37; 0.44)	0.53 (0.5; 0.57)	0.57 (0.52; 0.61)
vWF	0.32 (0.26; 0.40)	0.60 (0.54; 0.66)	0.58 (0.5; 0.64)

AFP = Alpha Fetoprotein; Apo H = Apolipoprotein H; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; EN-RAGE: extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end-products binding protein; EGF = Epidermal Growth Factor; ENA-78 = epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating protein 78; G-CSF = granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; ICAM-1 = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; IL-1β = interleukin-1 beta; IL-1ra = interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-16 = interleukin-16; IL-18 = interleukin-18; MIP-1β = macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta; MMP-9 = matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO = myeloperoxidase; PAI-1 = Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1; PAPP-A = Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A; PAP = Prostatic Acid Phosphatase; RANTES = regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted; SGOT = Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase; SCF = stem cell factor; TSH = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone; TBG = Thyroxine Binding Globulin; TIMP-1 = tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; vWF = von Willebrand factor.

(b)


Variable	RTE (CI)

A2Macro	0.71 (0.60; 0.82)
Apo A-I	0.71 (0.60; 0.81)
Apo C-III	0.32 (0.21; 0.43)
IL-5	0.77 (0.67; 0.87)
Leptin	0.09 (0.03; 0.14)
MDC	0.32 (0.22; 0.43)
SAP	0.22 (0.13; 0.31)

A2Macro = alpha-2-macroglobulin; APO A-I = Apolipoprotein A-I; Apo C-III = Apolipoprotein C-III; IL-5 = interleukin-5; MDC = macrophage-derived chemokine; SAP = serum amyloid P-component.

(c)


Variable	Group	RTE (CI)
Variable	Group	Pre	Post	3 h

AAT	EET	0.55 (0.45; 0.65)	0.59 (0.48; 0.68)	0.66 (0.56; 0.74)
AAT	SED	0.35 (0.27; 0.43)	0.35 (0.25; 0.47)	0.46 (0.38; 0.55)

CA-125	EET	0.48 (0.38; 0.59)	0.74 (0.63; 0.81)	0.52 (0.42; 0.61)
CA-125	SED	0.38 (0.29; 0.48)	0.52 (0.42; 0.62)	0.33 (0.25; 0.44)

CD40	EET	0.50 (0.4; 0.6)	0.68 (0.59; 0.76)	0.59 (0.49; 0.68)
CD40	SED	0.38 (0.29; 0.49)	0.44 (0.33; 0.55)	0.38 (0.28; 0.49)

GH	EET	0.37 (0.31; 0.43)	0.85 (0.81; 0.87)	0.45 (0.4; 0.51)
GH	SED	0.22 (0.17; 0.29)	0.79 (0.74; 0.83)	0.29 (0.22; 0.39)

Insulin	EET	0.57 (0.48; 0.65)	0.30 (0.23; 0.39)	0.42 (0.31; 0.53)
Insulin	SED	0.71 (0.59; 0.8)	0.46 (0.34; 0.58)	0.57 (0.45; 0.68)

IL-3	EET	0.63 (0.54; 0.71)	0.62 (0.53; 0.7)	0.68 (0.59; 0.75)
IL-3	SED	0.34 (0.26; 0.44)	0.31 (0.23; 0.4)	0.37 (0.29; 0.46)

IL-7	EET	0.59 (0.5; 0.67)	0.62 (0.53; 0.69)	0.66 (0.57; 0.74)
IL-7	SED	0.36 (0.27; 0.47)	0.34 (0.26; 0.44)	0.39 (0.3; 0.48)

IL-8	EET	0.48 (0.39; 0.58)	0.73 (0.66; 0.79)	0.56 (0.46; 0.64)
IL-8	SED	0.33 (0.23; 0.45)	0.53 (0.41; 0.63)	0.34 (0.26; 0.43)

IL-10	EET	0.37 (0.29; 0.46)	0.81 (0.74; 0.86)	0.56 (0.46; 0.65)
IL-10	SED	0.32 (0.24; 0.41)	0.56 (0.45; 0.65)	0.36 (0.27; 0.46)

IL-13	EET	0.60 (0.51; 0.69)	0.55 (0.46; 0.64)	0.63 (0.53; 0.71)
IL-13	SED	0.39 (0.3; 0.49)	0.38 (0.29; 0.48)	0.42 (0.32; 0.52)

MCP-1	EET	0.52 (0.42; 0.61)	0.77 (0.69; 0.83)	0.48 (0.4; 0.57)
MCP-1	SED	0.28 (0.21; 0.37)	0.57 (0.44; 0.69)	0.35 (0.25; 0.47)

Myoglobin	EET	0.27 (0.21; 0.35)	0.58 (0.51; 0.64)	0.79 (0.74; 0.82)
Myoglobin	SED	0.17 (0.14; 0.23)	0.41 (0.33; 0.50)	0.76 (0.66; 0.83)

TNF-α	EET	0.56 (0.47; 0.64)	0.64 (0.55; 0.71)	0.56 (0.47; 0.65)
TNF-α	SED	0.40 (0.3; 0.51)	0.44 (0.35; 0.53)	0.38 (0.29; 0.48)

TNFR2	EET	0.54 (0.45; 0.63)	0.74 (0.65; 0.8)	0.60 (0.52; 0.68)
TNFR2	SED	0.32 (0.24; 0.42)	0.38 (0.31; 0.47)	0.36 (0.28; 0.45)

VCAM-1	EET	0.53 (0.44; 0.63)	0.66 (0.57; 0.73)	0.60 (0.51; 0.69)
VCAM-1	SED	0.33 (0.26; 0.42)	0.41 (0.32; 0.51)	0.43 (0.34; 0.53)

AAT = alpha-1-antitrypsin; CA-125 = Cancer Antigen 125; CD40 = CD 40 antigen; GH = growth hormone; IL-3 = interleukin-3; IL-7 = interleukin-7; IL-8 = interleukin-8; IL-10 = interleukin-10; IL-13 = interleukin-13; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNFR2 = tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; VCAM-1 = Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1.

(d)


Variable	Group	RTE (CI)
Variable	Group	Pre	Post	3 h

B2M	EET	0.48 (0.39; 0.57)	0.82 (0.75; 0.86)	0.60 (0.51; 0.69)
B2M	SED	0.26 (0.20; 0.34)	0.42 (0.34; 0.52)	0.37 (0.29; 0.46)

CA-19-9	EET	0.44 (0.34; 0.55)	0.52 (0.42; 0.62)	0.54 (0.45; 0.63)
CA-19-9	SED^§	0.52 (0.41; 0.63)	0.52 (0.42; 0.62)	0.46 (0.36; 0.57)

CEA	EET	0.47 (0.38; 0.57)	0.67 (0.58; 0.74)	0.48 (0.38; 0.58)
CEA	SED^§	0.42 (0.32; 0.53)	0.49 (0.39; 0.6)	0.45 (0.35; 0.56)

CK-MB	EET	0.54 (0.45; 0.62)	0.69 (0.6; 0.75)	0.74 (0.69; 0.79)
CK-MB	SED	0.27 (0.21; 0.35)	0.27 (0.20; 0.36)	0.44 (0.35; 0.53)

FABP, heart	EET	0.27 (0.2; 0.36)	0.67 (0.59; 0.73)	0.68 (0.6; 0.75)
FABP, heart	SED	0.25 (0.19; 0.34)	0.44 (0.36; 0.54)	0.67 (0.54; 0.77)

IL-6	EET	0.26 (0.2; 0.34)	0.81 (0.74; 0.85)	0.44 (0.34; 0.54)
IL-6	SED	0.36 (0.26; 0.48)	0.64 (0.54; 0.73)	0.50 (0.39; 0.61)

MMP-2	EET	0.52 (0.42; 0.61)	0.73 (0.65; 0.79)	0.61 (0.52; 0.69)
MMP-2	SED	0.35 (0.27; 0.43)	0.38 (0.30; 0.49)	0.37 (0.29; 0.46)

MMP-3	EET	0.39 (0.31; 0.48)	0.81 (0.73; 0.86)	0.49 (0.40; 0.58)
MMP-3	SED	0.33 (0.26; 0.41)	0.57 (0.47; 0.66)	0.39 (0.3; 0.50)

PSA-f	EET	0.52 (0.42; 0.61)	0.66 (0.55; 0.74)	0.50 (0.41; 0.59)
PSA-f	SED	0.43 (0.34; 0.53)	0.46 (0.37; 0.56)	0.40 (0.31; 0.51)

B2M = Beta 2 Microglobulin; CA-19-9 = Cancer Antigen 19-9; CEA = Carcinoembryonic Antigen; CK-MB = creatine kinase MB; FABP, heart = fatty acid-binding protein, heart; IL-6 = interleukin-6; MMP-2 = matrix metalloproteinase-2; PSA-f = Prostate Specific Antigen.