Reference Country Animal strain Animal number Sex Age Weight Experimental groups Animal number per group Numbers of animals per box Treatment control group Plant species Native/exotic Used parts Fractions Dose Popular indication Wound area Measurement interval Wound area calculation Treatment time Bastos et al., 2011 [15 ] Brazil Wistar rats 12 ♂ 4 mo 300–320 g 4 3 1 Miconazole and nonionic cream Piper hayneanum (Piperaceae)? L [CHCl3 -EtOAc 1 : 1 (haulm, A) and CHCl3 -MeOH 1 : 1 (routs, B) ? Anti-inflammatory, infectious skin diseases and healing, wounds, hematoma, and ecchymosis 6 mm2 Daily ? 15 days Shukla et al., 1999 [16 ] India Sprague Dawley rats ? ♂ ? 200–220 g 3 ? 1 Saline solution Centella asiatica (Apiaceae)? ? Asiaticoside 20 L of 0.2% Healing activity 8 mm2 7/7 days ? 14 days Muralidhar et al., 2011 [17 ] India Wistar rats 42 ? ? 150–200 g 7 6 ? Ointment base Butea monosperma (Fabaceae)N Sb PETFR: petroleum ether fraction BENFR: benzene fraction, CHLFR: chloroform fraction, and ACEFR: acetone fraction 200 mg/kg- Antitumor, antiulcer, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activities 500 mm2 4/4 days ? 16 days Süntar et al., 2013 [18 ] Turkey Sprague Dawley rats ? ♂ ? 160–180 g ? 6 ? Ointment base Helichrysum graveolens (Asteraceae)N F Hg-hexane; Hg-CH2 Cl2 ; Hg-EtOAc, Hg-BuOH; Hg-R-H2 O; Hg-Fr.B1; Hg-Fr.B2, Hg-Fr.B3, Hg-Fr.A, Hg-Fr.B; and Hg-Fr.C 0.5 g Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities 5 mm2 Daily Reduction in wounded area, using AutoCAD program 12 days Mekonnen, et al., 2013 [19 ] Ethiopia Swiss mice/Wistar rats 24 ? 8–10 wk/3–5 mo 30–40 g/180–200 g 4 6 1 Sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose xerogel and nitrofurazone Kalanchoe petitiana (Crassulaceae)N L Methanolic and chloroform fractions were 16%, 8.76%, 7.5%, and 5.6%, respectively ? Wound healing, hemorrhoids, and antibacterial activities 312 mm2 Daily % wound contraction = wound area on day 0 − wound area on day /wound area on day 0 × 100 10 days Pieters et al., 1995 [20 ] Belgium Wistar rats ? ♀ ? 250–300 g 20 2 1 Not treated Croton spp. (Euphorbiaceae)E Lx Polyphenolic: PEG ointment, PEG 400 10% 0,5 mL/2x day Wound healing 3 cm Daily ? 18 days Korkina et al., 2007 [21 ] Italy Wistar rats 40 ♂ ? 350–400 g 5 10 ? Saline solution Syringa vulgari s (Oleaceae)N F Two phenylpropanoid glycosides: verbascoside and teupolioside 100 L (0.2 mg/mL) Wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antipyretic, and antifungal activities 2.25 cm2 4/4 days The recorded wounds were measured by planimetry using special computer program 8 days Bigoniya et al., 2013 [22 ] India Wistar rats 30 ♂ ? 175 ± 10 g 5 6 ? Vehicle (not related) Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae)N Wp Flavonoid fraction (EHTF) ? Antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and antioxidant activities 500 mm2 4/4 days ? 20 days Lodhi et al., 2011 [23 ] India Wistar rats 30 ♂♀ ? 150–200 g 5 6 1 Not treated Martynia annua (Martyniaceae)N L M. annua fraction: MAF-A, MAF-B, and MAF-C? ? 500 mm2 2/2 days % Wound contraction = healed area/total wound area × 100 20 days Tabandeh et al., 2013 [24 ] Iran Wistar rats 60 ♂ ? 200 ± 50 g 4 15 ? Saline solution Silybum marianum (Asteraceae)E ? Flavonoid silibinin (SB) 10% and 20% SB powder Hepatoprotective and liver regenerating activities 1 cm Daily ? 30 days Sonmez et al., 2015 [25 ] Turkey Wistar rats 24 ♂ ? 180–260 g 3 8 ? Saline solution Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)? ? Polysaccharide hemostat (APH) 3 mg of wheat meal in group 2 and 3 mg of APH in powder form ? 2 × 2 × 2 cm 3, 7, and 14 days Percentage of contraction = [100 − (total wound area on the 14th day/total wound area on the 3rd day) × 100] 14 days Karakaş et al., 2012 [26 ] Turkey Wistar rats 12 ♂ ? 200–250 g 2 12 and 8 ? Not treated Bellis perennis (Asteraceae)E F n-Butanol fraction ? Activities in sore throat, headache, eczema, skin boils, and gastritis 4 mm2 1, 5, 10, and 30 days Percentage of wound area = wound area in day/wound area in the first day × 100; percentage of wound healing = 100 − percentage of wound area 30 days Choi et al., 2001 [27 ] Korea Hairless mice 10 ♂ ? ? 2 10 ? Vehicle (not related) Aloe vera (Liliaceae)? ? Glycoprotein fraction named G1G1M1DI2 10 mg/g ointment Gentamicin 0.1%, every day Wound healing, thermal injury healing, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulation activities 154 mm2 Daily ? 8 days Parente et al., 2011 [28 ] Brazil Wistar rats 36 ♀ 60 days 160–190 g 2 18 and 6 1 Distilled water Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae)E F DCF: dichloromethane fraction at 1%; HCF: hexane fraction at 1% ? Anti-inflammatory, first-degree burns, and skin rashes activities 1 cm 4, 7, and 14 days ? 14 days Olugbuyiro et al., 2010 [29 ] Nigeria Wistar rats 16 ♂ ? 250–300 g 2 4 1 Gentamicin and saline solution Flabellaria paniculata (Malpighiaceae)N L Chloroform fraction and aqueous fraction 100 mg/mL Activities in skin infections, wounds and sores, and dysentery 2 × 2 cm 7, 12, 14, and 18 days ? 18 days Süntar et al., 2010 [30 ] Turkey Sprague-Dawley rats/Swiss mice ? ♂ ? 160–180 g/20–25 g 9 6 ? Not treated Sambucus ebulus (Caprifoliaceae)N L Polyamide column fractions from the methanolic extract (Fr A, B, C, D, and E) 0,5 g Hemorrhoids, rheumatic pain, treating burns, infectious wounds, edema, eczema, urticarial, and inflammations 5 mm2 2/2 days Wound contraction was calculated as percentage of the reduction in wounded area 12 days Kim et al., 2013 [31 ] Korea Hairless mice 10 ♀ 2 mo ? 2 5 ? Matrigel solution Panax ginseng (Araliaceae)? L Ginsenoside Rd 10 mL Strengthening immune system and atherosclerosis activities ? 3/3 days ? 9 days Chaudhari et al., 2006 [32 ] India Wistar rats 30 ♂♀ ? 180–250 g 5 6 ? Soft paraffin (85%), cetostearyl alcohol (5%), hard paraffin (5%), and wool fat (5%) Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae)N Sb Fraction I hydroalcohol Fraction II phytoconstituents extraction of tannins Fraction III consisted of saponins 0.5 g Diuretic, cooling, aphrodisiac, expectorant, antidysenteric, urinary astringent, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities 4 cm2 2/2 days ? 16 days Swamy et al., 2006 [33 ] India Wistar rats 24 ♂♀ ? 150–200 g 4 6 ? Framycetin ointment Embelia ribes (Myrsinaceae)? L Embelin 4 mg/mL of 0.2% sodium alginate gel Anti-inflammatory to relieve rheumatism and fever activities 500 mm2 4/4 days ? 16 days Hernandes et al., 2010 [34 ] Brazil Wistar rats 15 ♂ ? 180–200 g 3 5 1 Ointment base Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae)? Sb EtOAc fraction ? Antioxidant, cicatrizant, and anti-inflammatory activities 7 mm2 4, 7, and 10 days ? 10 days Sidhu et al., 1999 [35 ] USA and India Sprague Dawley rats ? ♂ ? 250–300 g 4 ? 1 Vehicle PBS Arnebia nobilis (Boraginaceae)N ? Arnebin-1 (5,8-dihydroxy-2-(19-b,b-dimethylaryoxy-49- methylpent-3-enyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone ? ? 8 mm2 Daily ? 11 days Paramesha et al., 2015 [36 ] India Wistar rats 18 ? ? 150–200 g 3 6 ? Sodium alginate Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae)N L Dehydroabietylamine of C. tinctorius L., var. Annigeri-2 50 g to get 0.2% (w/w) ointment gel Laxative, appetizer, and diuretic also useful in urorrhea and ophthalmopathy activities ? 4/4 days ? 16 days Nagappan et al., 2012 [37 ] Malaysia Sprague Dawley rats 84 ♀ ? 200–250 g 7 12 1 Not treated Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae)N L Carbazole alkaloids mahanine ( ) (0.40%) (C23 H25 NO2 ), mahanimbicine ( ) (0.24%) (C23 H25 NO), and mahanimbine ( ) (0.66%) Mahanine ( ) (0.40%), ( ) (0.24%), and ( ) (0.66%) (w/w) Stimulants, tonics, treating influenza, fever, and bronchial asthma activities 8 mm2 Daily % of wound contraction = Ø of wound area − Ø of unhealed w.a./diameter of w.a. (wound area) × 100% 18 days Qu et al., 2013 [38 ] China Sprague Dawley rats 54 ♂ ? 200–220 g 9 6 1 Vaseline Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae)N Fr 6a,12a–dehydroamorphin, D–3–O–methyl–chiro–inositol, Kaempferol-3-gluco- 7-rhamnoside,7,2′,4′,5′-tetrom–ethoxyoflavone, dehydrosermundone, tephrosin, 7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone ? ? 500 mm2 2/2 days Percent wound contraction = (original wound area − unhealed area)/original wound area × 100% 22 days