Extra-Articular Symptoms in Constellation with Selected Serum Cytokines and Disease Activity in Spondyloarthritis

Table 5

A logistic regression model of the OR of serum levels of selected cytokines in spondyloarthritis groups of patients with different extra-articular symptoms compared to controls.

Covariates	AAU		IBD		Psoriasis		Psoriatic onycholysis		PPP
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
IL-6 ≥ 6.64 pg/mL	6.75; (1.23–36.91)	0.02	5.4; (0.61–47.76)	0.12	4.29; (0.81–22.80)	0.08	4.35; (0.87–21.64)	0.07	5.06; (0.91–28.15)	0.06
IL-18 ≥ 227.45 pg/mL	8.17; (2.46–27.03)	0.0006	7.0; (1.17–41.53)	0.03	9.0; (2.87–28.16)	0.0002	6.82; (2.50–18.59)	0.0002	3.69; (1.27–10.71)	0.01
IL-23 ≥ 2.5 pg/mL	23.9; (1.28–444.01)	0.03	13.6; (0.49–373.39)	0.12	15.6; (0.83–291.96)	0.06	11.49; (0.63–209.44)	0.09	7.55; (0.34–166.21)	0.19
ET-1 ≤ 1,081 pg/mL	9.45; (2.56–34.79)	0.0007	0.23; (0.04–1.11)	0.06	5.77; (1.65–20.15)	0.006	4.93; (1.50–16.20)	0.008	1.89; (0.49–7.29)	0.35
VEGF ≥ 420.9 pg/mL	2.5; (0.60–10.26)	0.20	0.83; (0.07–9.68)	0.8	1.18; (0.34–4.07)	0.7	1.71; (0.51–5.82)	0.38	0.5; (0.08–2.99)	0.4
EGF ≥ 172.0 pg/mL	1.28; (0.27–5.93)	0.7	0.33; (0.01–7.23)	0.4	1.34; (0.36–4.94)	0.6	1.34; (0.36–4.94)	0.6	0.96; (0.18–4.92)	0.9

AAU: acute anterior uveitis, EGF: epidermal growth factor, ET-1: endothelin-1, IBD: inflammatory bowel disease, IL-6: interleukin-6, IL-18: interleukin-18, IL-23: interleukin-23, OR: odds ratio, PPP: palmoplantar pustulosis, and VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.