Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Targeting Endothelial Adhesion Molecule Transcription for Treatment of Inflammatory Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Table 2

Transcription factors with putative binding sites within the regulatory region of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) that increase in human retinal endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). For the purposes of this analysis, the ICAM-1 regulatory region was defined as 5000 bp of sequence immediately upstream of the ICAM-1 gene transcription start site and the first 2 introns. The ICAM-1 gene sequence was interrogated in the JASPAR database [21].


Transcription factor	Induction with TNF-α				Number of binding sites
	60 minutes		24 hours
	Fold increase	value	Fold increase	value

ETS1	1.65	<10⁻⁵	2.15	<10⁻⁵	48
EGR1	1.36	<10⁻⁵	2.31	<10⁻⁵	268
JunB	2.95	<10⁻⁵	5.73	<10⁻⁵	148
IRF1	4.77	<10⁻⁵	5.11	<10⁻⁵	83
NF-κB1	1.24	<10⁻³	2.75	<10⁻⁵	25
c-Rel	1.55	<10⁻³	1.38	<10⁻⁴	101
TGIF1	1.31	<10⁻⁴	1.70	<10⁻⁵	6

ETS1 = E26 transformation-specific 1; EGR1 = early growth response 1; IRF1 = interferon regulatory factor 1; NF-κB1 = nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells 1; TGIF1 = TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1.