Detected 6 h AI, increases up to 6 weeks, and decreases 12 weeks AI
(i) M2 macrophage phenotype induction (ii) Production of several extracellular matrix proteins for tissue remodeling and repair, neurotrophic support, and axonal regeneration (iii) Increases growth, angiogenic, and axonal guidance factors
Detected 1 h AI, PL 5–7 days, and remains elevated up to 14–21 days AI
(i) Potent mitogenic and chemotactic agent for vascular endothelial cells, dermal fibroblasts, and epidermal keratinocytes (ii) Promotes Th2 cytokine and neurotrophic factor production and M2 response