Dyslipidemia rather than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Periodontitis Affects the Systemic Expression of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Genes
Table 1
Periodontal parameters of the sample (mean ± SD).
Parameters
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Number of teeth
22.3 (±4.2)
21.6 (±4.5)
23.2 (±3.8)
24.3 (±3.1)
27.1 (±1.8)
Percentage of sites with visible plaque
76.5 (±17.4)
69.8 (±13.0)
70.1 (±15.7)
60.8 (±17.4)
14.8 (±6.2)
Percentage of sites with marginal bleeding
60.9 (±15.2)
46.9 (±15.9)
40.4 (±14.8)
41.3 (±12.9)
8.7 (±4.8)
Percentage of sites with bleeding on probing
69.3 (±12.8)
53.9 (±13.8)
53.0 (±13.7)
51.4 (±13.2)
12.7 (±5.6)
Mean of the probing depth (mm)
4.1 (±0.5)
3.7 (±0.6)
3.4 (±0.5)
3.7 (±0.4)
2.1 (±0.2)
Percentage of sites with probing depth ≤ 3 mm
43.3 (±14.8)
57.0 (±15.0)
61.9 (±14.0)
53.3 (±12.5)
98.8 (±1.5)
Percentage of sites with probing depth = 4-5 mm
31.9 (±11.6)
31.0 (±11.0)
31.0 (±10.6)
41.0 (±10.0)
1.2 (±1.5)
Percentage of sites with probing depth ≥ 6 mm
24.8 (±15.9)
12.0 (±10.8)
7.0 (±10.6)
5.7 (±5.9)
0.0 (±0.0)
Mean of the attachment loss (mm)
4.4 (±0.7)
3.9 (±0.7)
3.6 (±0.5)
3.8 (±0.4)
2.2 (±0.2)
Percentage of sites with attachment loss ≤ 2 mm
13.1 (±8.8)
16.5 (±15.1)
24.8 (±16.2)
10.3 (±10.0)
64.5 (±13.9)
Percentage of sites with attachment loss = 3-4 mm
39.8 (±15.3)
48.8 (±14.2)
51.6 (±10.7)
61.3 (±10.0)
35.5 (±13.9)
Percentage of sites with attachment loss ≥ 5 mm
47.1 (±16.2)
34.7 (±17.6)
23.8 (±14.0)
28.4 (±10.5)
0.0 (±0.0)
Number of sites with suppuration
6.8 (±7.0)
4.0 (±3.3)
2.0 (±3.0)
2.0 (±3.7)
0.0 (±0.0)
Significant value in relation to group 5; significant value in relation to group 4; significant value in relation to group 3; significant value in relation to group 2. Comparisons between all groups for nonnormally distributed variables were performed by the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Dunn test was used to correct for multiple comparisons. For normally distributed variables, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with Holm–Sidak multiple comparison test was used.
