Shear Stress Counteracts Endothelial CX3CL1 Induction and Monocytic Cell Adhesion

Figure 2

Regulation of induced CX3CL1 expression by shear stress. (a) HUVECs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of TNFα for 24 h and analyzed for CX3CL1 mRNA expression. (b–f) HUVECs were cultured for 24 h and subsequently stimulated with or without TNFα for 24 h at the indicated levels of shear stress. TNFα-induced apoptosis was detected by annexin V staining (b). Cells were also analyzed for CX3CL1 mRNA expression (c) and release of CX3CL1 into the supernatant (d). CX3CL1 surface expression levels were determined by flow cytometry and are shown as summary of median fluorescence intensities and as representative histograms (e, f). (g, h) HUVECs were cultured and stimulated as described and analyzed for CXCL16 mRNA expression (g) and release of CXCL16 into the supernatant (h). Data are shown as mean + SD and are representative for at least three (b, d, h) or four (a, c, e, g) different experiments. Statistical differences to the unstimulated control are indicated by asterisks (, , and ) and differences between the flow conditions are indicated by crosses (⁺, ⁺⁺, and ⁺⁺⁺).

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