IL-34 Upregulated Th17 Production through Increased IL-6 Expression by Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

Figure 4

IL-34 upregulated the production of Th17 through increased IL-6 expression by RA FLS. (a) RA FLS and CD4⁺ T cells from healthy controls () were incubated with anti-CD3 (3 μg/ml)/CD28 (2 μg/ml) antibody, brefeldin A (10 ng/ml)/monension (100 ng/ml), and IL-34 (0 or 50 ng/ml) for 72 h, CD4⁺ IL-17⁺ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. (b) CD4⁺ T cells and RA FLS () were cocultured with anti-CD3 (3 μg/ml)/CD28 (2 μg/ml) antibody and IL-34 (0 or 50 ng/ml) for 72 h. IL-6 levels in the supernatants of coculture system were measured by ELISA. (c) RA FLS and CD4⁺ T cells () were preincubated with anti-IL-6R antibody (1 μg/ml) for 1 h and then stimulated with anti-CD3 (3 μg/ml)/CD28 (2 μg/ml) antibody, brefeldin A (10 ng/ml)/monension (100 ng/ml), and IL-34 (50 ng/ml) for 72 h. CD4⁺ IL-17⁺ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data represents the mean ± SEM. , .

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