Cigarette Smoke Exposure Inhibits Bacterial Killing via TFEB-Mediated Autophagy Impairment and Resulting Phagocytosis Defect

Figure 6

Fisetin demonstrates bactericidal and mucolytic properties. (a) PA01 was grown for 15 hrs in LB broth then treated with fisetin (20 and 40 μM). Upon treatment, the OD (600 nm) was recorded to quantify the number of bacteria in the culture. Subsequently, the OD was taken every 3 hrs for 18 hrs to analyze changes in bacteria proliferation. The 40 μM fisetin demonstrates a significant inhibition of bacterial growth compared to the control. The data represents mean ± SEM, , . (b) The experimental procedure from (a) was repeated with fisetin (40 μM) or cysteamine (250 μM). The data shows that fisetin significantly reduces the number of bacteria compared to the control and cysteamine treatment. Data represents mean ± SEM, , . (c) The 5% mucin solution was stirred overnight with or without fisetin (20 μM) or cysteamine (250 μM). The 300 μl of this mucin mix was then pipetted into the top of a 1 mL sterile pipette, and the velocity of the mucin was recorded as a representation of changes in mucus viscosity or mucolytic activity. The data shows that both cysteamine (positive control) and fisetin significantly decreased the viscosity of mucin suggesting fisetin has a mucolytic potential. Data represents mean ± SEM, , .

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