Advances in Immunotherapy for Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 2

Control of checkpoint blockade and targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma. Four steps are required to attack the tumor cell by the immune system: recognition, tumor antigen presentation to T cells, T cell activation, and direct tumor attack. MHC: major histocompatibility complex; TCR: T cell receptor; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4.