Clinical Study

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Mediterranean Diet in the Early and Late Stages of Atheroma Plaque Development

Table 3

Baseline values and changes in the plasma concentrations of chemokines at 3 and 5 years of follow-up after a MeDiet+EVOO, MeDiet+nuts, or LFD intervention in subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Intervention groupBetween-group changes
value for differences3
MeDiet+EVOOMeDiet+nutsLFDMeDiet+EVOO versus LFDMeDiet+EVOO versus MeDiet+nutsMeDiet+nuts versus LFD

MCP-1, pg/mLBaseline14.3 ± 2.44.2 ± 2.33.1 ± 1.4
3 y2−1.1 (−1.7, −0.4)−0.7 (−1.4, −0.1)0.4 (−0.3, 1.0)0.010.840.16
5 y2−0.9 (−1.8, −0.1)−1.2 (−2.1, −0.4)0.8 (−0.08, 1.6)0.021.000.01

MIP-1β, pg/mLBaseline9.5 ± 4.18.8 ± 5.87.7 ± 3.3
3 y−1.1 (−2.2, −0.03)−1.1 (−2.2, −0.09)0.6 (−0.5, 1.7)0.021.000.02
5 y−1.8 (−3.2, −0.4)−1.4 (−2.8, −0.06)0.60 (−0.8, 2.0)0.021.000.04

RANTES, pg/mLBaseline1040 ± 317952 ± 439901 ± 355
3 y−250 (−416, −85)−89 (−249, 71)199 (35, 362)<0.0010.500.02
5 y−276 (−509, −44),a−230 (−454, −5.2),a242 (13, 471)0.0011.000.003

ENA78, pg/mLBaseline185 ± 93168 ± 123161 ± 135
3 y−68 (−122, −14),a−13 (−62, 37)56 (5.7, 106)0.0040.340.22
5 y−101 (−174, −27),a−32 (−102, 39)88 (17, 159)0.0010.600.03

ITAC, pg/mLBaseline4.3 ± 3.04.4 ± 3.03.0 ± 2.0
3 y1.2 (−1.1, 3.6)1.5 (−0.8, 3.7)1.9 (0.3, 3.9)0.741.000.82
5 y0.7 (−3.0, 4.4)3.2 (−0.4, 6.8)4.8 (1.3, 8.3)1.001.001.00

IP-10, pg/mLBaseline21.3 ± 9.425.2 ± 13.715.4 ± 10.1
3 y4.6 (−2.0, 11.1)0.9 (−5.8, 7.5)10.5 (3.8, 17.3)0.271.000.18
5 y3.3 (−7.7, 14.4)0.8 (−10.2, 11.7)18.1 (6.8, 29.4)0.251.000.23

1Values are means ± SDs, n = 22 unless expressed otherwise. 2Mean differences (95% CI). : different from baseline, (). 3 value: significant differences () in changes between groups. aMeDiet+EVOO versus MeDiet+nuts are significantly different, . EVOO: extra virgin olive oil; LFD: low-fat diet; MeDiet+EVOO: Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil; MeDiet+nuts: Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts.