Cynanchum wilfordii Polysaccharides Suppress Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Colitis in Mice and the Production of Inflammatory Mediators from Macrophages

Figure 5

HMFO inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory mediators by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with different HMFO concentrations for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 22 h. (a) Supernatant NO concentrations were calculated by comparing the measured values to those of standard concentrations of sodium nitrite dissolved in DMEM. (b, e) Cell lysates were obtained, and iNOS and COX-2 protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. (c, f) Total RNA was isolated, and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. (d) PGE₂ was quantified using an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Values with different letters are significantly different ().

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