Mediators of Inflammation

Clinical Study

Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers in a Large Sample of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients without Comorbidities

Table 1

Characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and controls.


Variables	Controls	Mild	Moderate	Severe	value	value	value	value	value	value	value
Variables	Controls	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Across all	Controls versus mild	Controls versus moderate	Controls versus severe	Mild versus moderate	Mild versus severe	Moderate versus severe

Age (years)	38.8 ± 14.1	40.0 ± 11.8	43.4 ± 11.5	44.2 ± 11.1	<0.001	0.77	0.001	<0.001	0.013	<0.001	0.86
Gender (males, %)	53.7	77.1	75.5	84.9	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.69	0.013	0.004
BMI (kg/m2)	26.6 (6)	29.1 (6)	30.8 (7)	34.3 (11)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%)	33.7	10.0	6.5	2.9	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.16	<0.001	0.03
Overweight (25–29.9), n (%)	42.1	55.5	35.3	19.6	<0.001	0.05	0.16	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Obese (≥30), n (%)	24.2	38.1	58.2	77.3	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Current smokers (%)	34.2	34.5	39.5	43.3	0.074	0.95	0.27	0.036	0.26	0.028	0.35
Former smokers (%)	18.4	20.2	21.5	29.2	0.008	0.65	0.44	0.005	0.73	0.012	0.033
Never smokers (%)	47.4	45.4	39.1	27.4	<0.001	0.68	0.09	<0.001	0.17	<0.001	0.003
Pack years	10 (28)	12 (25)	14 (30)	18 (35)	<0.001	0.75	0.42	<0.001	0.51	<0.001	0.002
ESS	7 (9)	8 (8)	9 (9)	12 (9)	<0.001	0.93	0.003	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	0.002
AHI (/h)	2 (2)	10 (6)	21 (6)	57 (34)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
ODI (/h)	2 (2)	9 (5)	20 (8)	59 (34)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
AI (/h)	24 (14)	31 (14)	34 (18)	46 (25)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.04	<0.001	<0.001
Mean SaO₂	96 (2)	95 (1)	94 (2)	92 (39)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Min SaO₂	92 (3)	88.5 (4)	85 (5)	79 (66)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
TST90 (min)	0 (0)	1 (3)	9 (11)	69 (101)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

BMI: body mass index; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; AI: arousal index; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; SaO₂: oxygen saturation; TST90: sleep time spent with SaO2 less than 90%.