Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses?
Table 3
Univariate analysis of selected risk factors for .
Variable
Cases ()
Controls ()
OR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<35
48 (55.17)
56 (64.37)
1.0 (Ref)
0.217
≥35
39 (44.83)
31 (35.63)
1.47 (0.80–2.70)
BMI (kg/m2)
<24
34 (39.08)
65 (74.71)
1.0 (Ref)
0.002
≥24
34 (39.08)
20 (22.99)
3.25 (1.63–6.48)
Unknown
19 (21.84)
2 (2.30)
Age at menarche (years)
≤14
57 (65.52)
74 (85.06)
1.0 (Ref)
0.001
>14
30 (34.48)
10 (11.49)
3.90 (1.76–8.62)
Unknown
0 (0.00)
3 (3.45)
Parity
≤1
64 (73.56)
72 (82.76)
1.0 (Ref)
0.019
>1
22 (25.29)
9 (10.34)
2.75 (1.18–6.41)
Unknown
1 (1.15)
6 (6.90)
Miscarriages
No
23 (26.44)
25 (28.74)
1.0 (Ref)
0.470
Yes
25 (28.74)
36 (41.38)
0.76 (0.35–1.62)
Unknown
39 (44.82)
26 (29.88)
Age at birth of first child (years)
≤27
34 (39.08)
26 (29.89)
1.0 (Ref)
0.001
>27
8 (9.20)
29 (33.33)
0.21 (0.08–0.54)
Unknown
45 (51.72)
32 (36.78)
Duration of breastfeeding (months)
≤12
34 (39.08)
42 (48.28)
1.0 (Ref)
0.688
>12
36 (41.38)
39 (44.83)
1.14 (0.60–2.16)
Unknown
17 (19.54)
6 (6.89)
History of benign breast disease
Yes
6 (6.90)
3 (3.45)
4.54 (1.07–19.14)
0.039
No
37 (42.53)
84 (95.55)
1.0 (Ref)
Unknown
44 (50.57)
0 (0.00)
Galactostasis
Yes
23 (26.44)
32 (36.78)
0.86 (0.44–1.70)
0.670
No
40 (45.98)
48 (55.17)
1.0 (Ref)
Unknown
24 (27.58)
7 (8.05)
Nipple retraction
Yes
24 (27.59)
1 (1.15)
32.76 (4.32–248.61)
0.001
No
63 (72.41)
86 (98.85)
1.0 (Ref)
Note. Data are number (%) of patients. BMI: body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. OR: odd ratio. CI: confidence interval. binary logistic regression.
