Contribution of In Vivo and Organotypic 3D Models to Understanding the Role of Macrophages and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

Table 2

Observed features in 3D organotypic skin models.

(a)

3D in vitro models	Components	Support	Observed features
Dezutter-Dambuyant et al. [102]	Fibroblasts + keratinocytes + endothelialized cells + CD34-positive cells	Solid scaffold of bovine collagen, chitosan and chondroitin 4-6 sulfate	Differentiation of interstitial dendritic dells
Bechetoille et al. [104]	Fibroblasts + dermal macrophages derived from monocytes	Solid scaffold of bovine collagen, chitosan and chondroitin 4-6 sulfate	Display phagocytosis and remain responsive to LPS
Chau et al. [103]	Fibroblasts + keratinocytes + dendritic cells	Nondegradable microfibre scaffolds and a cell-laden gel	Able to migrate and remain responsive to stimulation with skin sensitizers
Pageon et al. [106]	Fibroblasts + keratinocytes + monocytes	AGE-modified collagen lattices	Differentiation of CD14+ monocytes into dendritic cells and macrophages

(b) 3D models for psoriasis (without immune cells).

3D in vitro models	Components	Support	Observed features
Barker et al. [111]	Fibroblasts + keratinocytes isolated from human lesional skin	Collagen gels	Psoriasis-like phenotype
Tjabringa et al. [98]	Healthy keratinocytes + de-epidermized dermis + cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-22)	De-epidermized dermis	Psoriasis-like phenotype
Jean et al. [97]	Psoriatic fibroblasts + psoriatic keratinocytes	Fibroblast-derived dermal matrix	Psoriasis-like phenotype
van den Bogaard et al. [105]	Healthy keratinocytes + activated CD4-positive T cells and Th1/Th17-polarized T cells	Decellularized deepidermized dermis	Psoriasis-like phenotype