Taenia crassiceps Antigens Control Experimental Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages

Figure 1

T. crassiceps soluble antigens were protective against T1D development only when antigen was constantly injected (STZ/TcS-2). (a) Methodology diagram illustrating treatment with T. crassiceps antigen. (b) Blood glucose levels for all groups. STZ/TcS-2 treatment was able to significantly reduce glycemia to normal levels (≤200 mg/dl) compared with STZ group. (c) Percentage of mice free of diabetes; mice with glycemia higher than 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic mice, whereas those with levels below 200 mg/dl were considered free of diabetes. The STZ/TcS-2-treated group showed a lower percentage of T1D incidence than the STZ and STZ/TcS-1 groups. (d) Glucose tolerance test for all groups. ^∗Differences between STZ versus untreated group. ^#Differences between STZ/TcS-1 versus untreated group. ^$Differences between STZ/TcS-2 versus Untreated group. The data represent at least 3 independent experiments; mice per group. For comparisons between two groups, the Mann–Whitney U test was applied to test differences with nonparametric data. Experiments with multiple groups were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Mean ± SEM. , , and .

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