Urinary Levels of IL-1β and GDNF in Preterm Neonates as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Development: A Prospective Study

Figure 3

Urinary levels of IL-10, IL1-B, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, CCL5/RANTES, BDNF and GDNF in preterm infants () at three different time points (T1: 48 hours, T2: 72 hours, and T3: 3 weeks after birth). CBA was used in cytokines and chemokines ex vivo analysis, and ELISA for neurotrophic factors. Mann–Whitney test was used for comparisons between medians of patients with normal motor development versus patients of lower than expected motor development.

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