Increased Levels of sRAGE in Diabetic CKD-G5D Patients: A Potential Protective Mechanism against AGE-Related Upregulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Inflammation
Table 2
Biochemical characteristics of CKD-G5D patients included in the study.
All CKD-G5D ()
Non-DM CKD-G5D ()
DM CKD-G5D ()
Creatinine (mg/dL)
9.40 ± 3.09
9.71 ± 3.39
8.71 ± 2.19
0.13
Uric acid (mg/dL)
5.70 ± 1.29
5.67 ± 1.24
5.76 ± 1.41
0.78
Urea (mg/dL)
124.60 ± 31.41
122.10 ± 31.60
129.90 ± 30.97
0.32
Total bilirubin (g/dL)
0.40 (0–30-0.50)
0.40 (0.30–0.50)
0.42 ± 0.16
0.56
pH venous
7.35 (7.32–7.38)
7.35 (7.32–7.38)
7.36 (7.33–7.38)
0.47
HCO3 venous (mmol/L)
25.18 ± 4.29
25.02 ± 4.54
25.53 ± 3.76
0.63
K—potassium (mmol/L)
4.46 ± 0.72
4.46 ± 0.71
4.48 ± 0.75
0.91
Na—sodium (mmol/L)
140.00 (138.00–142.00)
140.00 (138.30–142.80)
139.50 ± 3.02
0.33
Cl—chloride (mmol/L)
101.50 (97.00–105.00)
101.10 ± 4.28
101.20 ± 5.74
0.95
Ca—calcium (mg/dL)
8.95 ± 0.47
8.98 ± 0.48
8.88 ± 0.44
0.38
P—phosphorus (mg/dL)
5.15 ± 1.36
5.14 ± 1.34
5.20 ± 1.44
0.86
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
157.10 ± 40.66
163.90 ± 35.42
142.50 ± 47.76
0.032
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
80.82 ± 35.92
85.65 ± 32.32
70.33 ± 43.17
0.016
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
44.00 (38.00–54.00)
45.50 (40.00–60.25)
42.42 ± 11.81
0.030
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
131.50 (86.25–201.80)
117.50 (82.75–204.30)
154.00 ± 74.15
0.55
ALT (UI/L)
19.00 (15.00–24.00)
20.12 ± 7.79
20.00 (15.25–31.25)
0.30
AST (UI/L)
11.00 (6.00–15.75)
11.00 (6.00–14.75)
11.42 ± 6.79
0.93
Glucose (mg/dL)
103.50 (92.00–138.50)
99.00 (91.00–110.00)
165.00 (131.80–220.80)
<0.0001
Total protein (g/dL)
7.00 ± 0.57
7.02 ± 0.63
6.96 ± 0.41
0.64
Albumin (g/dL)
35.03 ± 4.82
35.01 ± 4.81
34.70 (31.35–39.23)
0.75
GA%
14.00 (12.03–17.15)
13.09 ± 2.05
18.30 (17.13–23.20)
<0.0001
iPTH (pg/mL)
103.50 (53.25–211.00)
102.00 (55.00–254.30)
134.30 ± 119.90
0.46
25-(OH)D3 (ng/mL)
17.90 (10.93–23.28)
17.95 (11.45–25.15)
16.32 ± 6.77
0.30
CRP (mg/L)
0.34 (0.29–0.78)
0.31 (0.29–0.77)
0.41 (0.29–1.04)
0.39
β2-microglobulin (ng/mL)
22.80 (16.66–28.98)
22.96 (16.88–29.61)
21.08 ± 7.66
0.24
BNP (pg/mL)
2542.00 (1511.00–10762.00)
2265.00 (1108.00–8272.00)
3064.00 (1795.00–18558.00)
0.148
cFGF-23 (RU/mL)
1441.00 (759.00–3614.00)
1345.00 (508.10–3087.00)
1707.00 (1183.00–4016.00)
0.142
sRAGE (pg/mL)
3089.30 ± 1339.74
2838.00 ± 1163.75
3633.80 ± 1548.45
0.015
PTX3 (ng/mL)
1.57 (0.76–2.94)
1.57 (0.75–3.23)
1.89 ± 1.48
0.65
TNFα (pg/mL)
10.71 (4.85–21.34)
12.15 (5.60–24.19)
11.66 ± 10.28
0.134
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles). ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; GA: glycated albumin; cFGF-23: c-terminal portion of fibroblast growth factor-23; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; 25-(OH)D3: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; PTX3: pentraxin-related protein PTX3; sRAGE: soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha. Comparison between groups was performed by unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. values less than 0.05 are indicated in bold.
