Research Article

Folic Acid Improves the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages

Table 1

CpG methylation levels (as percentage) in IL1B, TNF, IL18, and SERPINE1 genes after the incubation of THP-1 monocytes with folic acid, choline, vitamin B12, and the methyl donor mixture, measured by MassARRAY. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare each CpG with the control group. value < 0.05; value < 0.01; and value < 0.001.

ControlFolic acidCholineVitamin B12Methyl donor mixture

IL1B
CpG_16.88 ± 3.9715.5 ± 6.1411.4 ± 1.559.38 ± 0.9514.0 ± 3.11
CpG_294.9 ± 3.1496.2 ± 1.6694.8 ± 2.069.76 ± 0.8596.9 ± 0.85
CpG_32.88 ± 2.091.75 ± 1.265.75 ± 1.773.75 ± 3.893.12 ± 3.75
CpG_42.75 ± 2.061.88 ± 1.791.25 ± 1.191.75 ± 0.963.75 ± 1.55
CpG_52.12 ± 2.496.50 ± 4.061.25 ± 0.643.25 ± 1.5510.0 ± 1.13
CpG_60.75 ± 0.507.12 ± 6.149.50 ± 0.589.25 ± 2.330.88 ± 0.48

TNF
CpG_198.2 ± 1.3296.1 ± 2.7898.0 ± 1.4795.2 ± 2.7295.8 ± 3.07
CpG_267.8 ± 3.9564.8 ± 7.5965.8 ± 4.4869.9 ± 1.9363.4 ± 6.46
CpG_348.1 ± 12.648.6 ± 8.5351.2 ± 10.347.9 ± 4.7145.0 ± 4.65
CpG_4.5.619.9 ± 6.7615.2 ± 4.4117.4 ± 3.0919.8 ± 0.8717.8 ± 1.79
CpG_833.9 ± 3.4929.6 ± 4.3731.8 ± 3.9334.2 ± 2.5334.0 ± 3.24

IL18
CpG_112.5 ± 17.42.0 ± 0.52.12 ± 0.851.25 ± 1.322.5 ± 2.0
CpG_26.88 ± 1.556.0 ± 1.227.38 ± 2.069.50 ± 1.010.1 ± 2.25
CpG_30.67 ± 0.292.0 ± 0.820.62 ± 0.251.38 ± 0.750.88 ± 0.75
CpG_411.0 ± 2.048.38 ± 4.097.75 ± 2.228.0 ± 1.917.25 ± 1.85
CpG_519.0 ± 3.1913.2 ± 2.1015.8 ± 2.9016.6 ± 1.1115.0 ± 2.16

SERPINE1
CpG_12.62 ± 0.6322.0 ± 13.710.8 ± 14.217.0 ± 16.156.2 ± 5.14
CpG_233.5 ± 3.3963.0 ± 12.550.8 ± 7.0965.0 ± 5.4045.4 ± 8.68
CpG_3.438.5 ± 9.8191.1 ± 8.2379.5 ± 7.9985.2 ± 10.962.6 ± 24.0
CpG_6100 ± 0.0089.4 ± 4.0990.9 ± 11.387.1 ± 10.296.6 ± 5.49
CpG_72.88 ± 1.6032.1 ± 15.413.9 ± 7.9728.2 ± 23.115.8 ± 15.8
CpG_895.1 ± 2.6291.5 ± 6.7792.6 ± 6.7493.1 ± 2.6694.9 ± 2.06
CpG_933.5 ± 3.3963.0 ± 12.550.8 ± 7.0965.0 ± 5.4045.4 ± 8.68
CpG_1097.2 ± 2.5995.0 ± 3.0396.6 ± 1.6088.5 ± 19.796.9 ± 2.46
CpG_1197.5 ± 2.9198.2 ± 2.3697.1 ± 2.6998.1 ± 0.7598.5 ± 2.68
CpG_1294.0 ± 7.2295.0 ± 2.4294.2. ± 5.5296.0 ± 3.5892.4 ± 6.26