Towards Targeting the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Cystic Fibrosis

Table 1

List of major ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

Source	Activity	Examples
Agonists
Xenobiotics	Strong	Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons
		2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
		Dibenzofurans
		Biphenyls
		Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
		3-Methylchlolanthrene
		Benzo(a)pyrene
		Benzanthracenes
		Benzoflavones
		Pharmaceuticals
		Tranilast
		Leflunomide
		Omeprazole
Dietary	Weak	Flavonoids
		Quercetin
		Indole-3-carbinol
		3,3′-Diindolylmethane
		Indolo[3,2b]carbazole
Endogenous	Weak	Tryptophan metabolites
		Kynurenic acid
		Kynurenine
		Tryptamine
		6-Formylindolo[3,2b]carbazole
		Indoxyl sulfate
		Microbiota
		3-Methylindole
		Tryptanthrin
		1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid
		Indole-3-aldehyde
		Indole-3-acetate
		Phenazines
		Indirubin
		Malassezin
Antagonists
Xenobiotic	Weak	3,4-Dimethoxy-a-naphthoflavone
		6-Methoxy-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran
	Strong	CH-223191
		StemRegenin 1
Dietary	Weak	Resveratrol
SAHRM (Agonists/Antagonists)
Xenobiotic	Weak	3,4-Dimethoxy-a-naphthoflavone
		6-Methoxy-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran
Endogenous/Dietary	Weak	Indole
		Quercetin
		Apigenin

SAHRM: selective AhR modulator.