Plasma Cytokine Levels in Fibromyalgia and Their Response to 15 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Exercise or Relaxation Therapy
Table 4
Change in clinical and functional measures after interventions in women with fibromyalgia.
Exercise
Relaxation
Before
Δ
Before
Δ
VAS global pain intensity (0–100)
50.0 (36.0)
−16.0 (40.0)
56.0 (26.0)
−2.0 (18.0)
PPT (kPa)
178.6 (±77.1)
7.3 (±67.0)
183.1 (±88.7)
−15.9(±46.9)
Hand grip force (N)
196.2 (±70.9)
21.0 (±40.0)
177.6 (±72.5)
20.3 (±46.0)
Elbow flexion force (kg)
12.4 (±4.9)
2.1 (±3.1)
11.1 (±5.3)
1.3 (±3.6)
Knee extension force (N)
321.6 (±108.2)
29.3(±69.3)
295.3 (±111.9)
−3.0 (±68.6)
6MWT (m)
565.4 (±75.4)
17.3 (±63.1)
542.0 (±67.4)
−4.6 (±44.2)
PDI (0–70)
38.0 (17.0)
−5.0 (13.0)
36.0 (15.5)
0.0 (11.0)
HADS-depression (0–21)
7.0 (5.0)
−1.0 (4.0)
7.0 (4.0)
0.0 (2.0)
HADS-anxiety (0–21)
8.0 (6.0)
0.0 (5.0)
8.0 (6.0)
0.0 (3.0)
PCS (0–52)
18.0 (16.0)
−3.0 (11.0)
19.0 (18.5)
−2.0 (8.5)
SF36-PSC (0–100)
31.2 (9.4)
1.7 (11.7)
28.5 (10.4)
1.3 (6.9)
SF36-MSC (0–100)
36.6 (16.6)
2.5 (8.6)
41.4 (20.2)
0.7 (12.0)
FIQ (0–100)
57.1 (23.4)
−7.1 (15.5)
60.9 (26.0)
−0.6 (19.9)
MFI (0–20)
General fatigue
19.0 (4.0)
−1.0 (3.0)
19.0 (3.5)
0.0 (1.8)
Physical fatigue
16.0 (4.0)
−2.0 (5.3)
17.0 (5.0)
0.0 (2.0)
Reduced activity
14.0 (6.0)
−1.0 (4.3)
15.0 (5.5)
0.0 (3.0)
Reduced motivation
10.0 (5.0)
−1.0 (4.0)
9.0 (5.0)
0.0 (3.0)
Mental fatigue
16.0 (5.0)
−2.0 (4.3)
16.0 (6.0)
0.0 (3.8)
Data are presented as mean (±SD) or median (interquartile range) before and their change (Δ) after 15 weeks of progressive resistance exercise or relaxation therapy. Note that these data essentially have been published elsewhere [23]. BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; FIQ = fibromyalgia impact questionnaire; HADS = hospital anxiety and depression scale; MFI = multidimensional fatigue inventory; PDI = pain disability index; PPT = pressure pain thresholds (mean of 8 sites); SF36 = Short Form Health Survey 36, physical (PSC) and mental summary components (MSC); 6MWT = 6-min walk test; VAS = visual analogue scale. Italic figures denote significant group difference (independent t-test/Mann–Whitney U test; ).
