Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Identifying Therapeutic Targets for Sepsis Research: A Characterization Study of the Inflammatory Players in the Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model

Table 3

Cytokines in the serum and colon following CLP-induced sepsis.


	Sham	CLP day 2	CLP day 7	value

(a) Serum cytokines (pg/ml)
IL-6	2.57 ± 0.48	243.60 ± 54.89	35.39 ± 10.97	<0.0001
IL-10	0.59 ± 0.32	2.33 ± 1.25	2.82 ± 1.82	NS
TNF-α	4.95 ± 0.29	63.72 ± 21.25	23.89 ± 3.61	0.008
IL-2	<L/D	0.38 ± 0.16	<L/D	/
IL-17A	0.21 ± 0.05	0.35 ± 0.71	3.57 ± 0.61	0.006
IFN-γ	<L/D	1.12 ± 0.44	0.89 ± 0.53	NS
TGF-β	152.50 ± 14.33	194.10 ± 12.18	198.10 ± 13.68	0.04
(b) Colonic cytokines (pg/100 mg colonic tissue)
IL-6	103.3 ± 18.95	1904 ± 874.6	3410 ± 1429	0.1108
IL-10	0.79 ± 0.39	6.08 ± 1.47	5.42 ± 1.71	0.0163
TNF-α	2.53 ± 0.76	6.57 ± 1.46	12.38 ± 3.84	<0.0001
IL-2	<L/D	<L/D	<L/D	/
IL-17A	0.87 ± 0.29	0.31 ± 0.10	2.43 ± 1.05	0.06
IFN-γ	0.76 ± 0.34	1.53 ± 0.47	8.09 ± 4.77	0.141
(c) mRNA colonic cytokines
IL-6	1.27 ± 0.45	28.32 ± 14.79	4.14 ± 1.88	0.096
IL-10	1.06 ± 0.15	9.59 ± 6.30	4.83 ± 1.66	0.317
TNF-α	1.00 ± 0.03	3.04 ± 0.78	10.29 ± 0.49	<0.001
IL-17A	1.19 ± 0.30	1.59 ± 0.68	19.54 ± 6.97	0.004
IFN-γ	1.42 ± 0.49	0.80 ± 0.15	2.73 ± 0.73	0.007
CRP	1.23 ± 0.39	8.21 ± 3.05	2.20 ± 0.45	0.025
IL-1 beta	1.11 ± 0.21	3.96 ± 0.45	6.47 ± 1.65	0.004
TLR4	1.06 ± 0.17	0.63 ± 0.29	0.56 ± 0.27	0.327
IL-1 alpha	1.14 ± 0.23	1.53 ± 0.43	2.20 ± 0.61	0.239

Cytokine levels in serum and colonic supernatants, as determined by CBA (or ELISA for TGF-β) for protein content and real-time RT-PCR for mRNA content in colonic tissue. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc testing or its nonparametric equivalent as appropriate; for the Dunnett post hoc test compared to the sham group. For the PCR-results, data are expressed as relative expression (2^−ΔΔCT method) and the sham group (left column) was chosen as calibrator. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. animals per group serum cytokines, animals per group for colon cytokines, and animals per group for the PCR. <L/D: below the limit of detection; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.